Chapter 5 Section 4 – Unions

(p. 200-207)

MAIN IDEAS / NOTES
Working in the United States
(p. 200) / 1.) ______conditions
  • Dull, repetitive tasks
  • Breath in lint, dust, and toxic fumes
  • No safety devices on machines
2.) ______
  • 1860-1890 = Wages rose by 50%
  • Still huge gap between wealthy and the workers
  • 1900 = 22 cents/hour and worked 59 hours per week
3.) ______
  • increase in the value of money and decrease in prices
  • 1865-1897 = companies cut wages as prices on goods fell
  • Value of money had increased but workers resented getting less wages
4.) Workers ______
a.) to get ______and better ______conditions
Early Unions
(p. 200-201) / 1.) ______= ______
a.) ______
2.) ______workers = ______
  • Machinists, iron molders, stonecutters, shoemakers, printers
a.) ______wages and better ______
3.) ______workers formed ______
  • 1873 = 32 national trade unions in the USA
  • Iron Molders’ International Union
  • The International Typographical Union
  • Knights of St. Crispin = shoemakers

Industry Opposes Unions
(p. 201-202) / 1.) Employers ______
  • However, they would negotiate with trade unions because they needed their skills
2.) ______
a.) ______Unions = united all workers in a ______
______
3.) Tried to ______
a.) Made workers______promising ______
______
b.) ______= a list of “troublemakers” that were not hired by any company
  • Hired detectives to find union organizers and blacklist them
c.) ______= locked out workers who form a union and refuse to pay them
d.) Hire ______during a strike
Political and Social Opposition
(p. 202) / 1.) ______to from unions
  • Courts fined and jailed labor leaders
2.) Unions were seen as ______
a.) ______
  • Workers would revolt and seize control of factories and government
  • A communist society would be created where wealthy was divided equally
b.) ______
  • Anarchists assassinated government officials and set off bombs in Europe
c.) ______
  • Immigrants were associated with radical ideas

Struggling to Organize
(p. 203) /
  • Confrontations with owners and government led to violence and blood

The Great Railroad Strike
(p. 203-204) / 1.) ______
a.) ______
  • July 1877 = Baltimore and Ohio Railroad cut wages for the 3rd time
  • Workers in Martinsburg, WV walked off the job and blocked the tracks
2.) ______
  • 80,000 RR workers on 2/3rds of the railroads
a.) ______equipment, ______tracks, ______railroad
  • Governors called out militias
b.) ______
3.) President ______sent ______
  • Took 12 days to restore order
  • 100 people died
  • Over $10 million in railroad property was destroyed
4.) Americans were ______
The Knights of Labor
(p. 204) / 1.) ______
  • Founded in 1869
a.) Led by ______
b.) Allowed______to join
2.) Used ______
3.) ______
  • Arbitration = a third party helps workers and employers to reach an agreement
4.) ______
a.) ______
b.) ______
c.) ______
d.) ______
Early Successes
(p. 204) /
  • 1885 = convinced one of Jay Gould’s RRs to reverse wage cuts
  • Increase in membership
  • 100,000 to 700,000 members

The Haymarket Riots
(p. 204) / 1.) May 1, 1886 = ______to get an ______workday
  • Chicago = 80,000 people marched to the center of the city
  • Next few days = 70,000 workers went on strike
2.) May 3 = ______
______
  • At McCormick harvesting Machine Company
  • Police had tried to stop a fight on the picket line when it turned violent
3.) May 4 = ______
______
  • 3,000 people had gathered to hear speeches
  • Police moved in to keep order as the meeting began to break up
  • A bomb was thrown at a rally killing one officer and wounded 6 others
  • Police and workers fired upon each other
  • 100 people, including 70 police officers, were injured
4.) ______
______
  • 7 were German immigrants who supported anarchy
  • 1 of the men was a member of the Knights of Labor
  • 4 were executed
5.) Americans viewed ______
  • Membership in the Knights of Labor declined

The Homestead Strike
(p. 204) / 1.) 1892 = ______
  • Owned by Andrew Carnegie
  • Managed by Henry Clay Frick, who was anti-union
  • Workers were part of a union
  • Amalgamated Association of Iron, Steel, and Tin Workers
  • Largest craft union in the USA
2.) Manager wanted to ______
3.) ______
4.) Brought in ______
  • Pinkerton Detective Agency was hired to bring in replacement workers
5.) ______
6.) ______
  • After 14 hours, several people were dead and dozens were injured
7.) Governor called out the ______to protect the ______
8.) After 4 months, ______
The Pullman Strike
(p. 204-205) / 1.) ______
  • Organized in 1893
a.) Led by ______
  • See p. 206- “People in History”
b.) Tried to ______all employees in the ______
  • Included workers in the Pullman Palace Car Company in Chicago
  • Pullman workers had to live in company houses and buy goods from company stores
2.) 1893 = ______Co. ______workers
and ______
a.) ______workers went on ______
b.) To show support ARU members refused to ______
3.) RR managers hooked ______to ______cars
a.) ______
  • If strikers refused to handle the Pullman cars, they would be interfering with US mail and violate a federal law
b.) President Grover Cleveland sent in ______
4.) ARU was sent a ______
  • Injunction = formal court order
5.) ______went to______andthe ______
a.) ______ (1895) = Supreme Court______
New Unions Emerge
(p. 206) /
  • To represent unskilled workers

The Rise of the AFL
(p. 206) / 1.) ______
  • Created by several national trade unions in 1886
a.) Promoted the ______
2.) ______
  • See p. 206- “People in History”
  • Stayed out of politics
  • Focused on wages, working hours, and working conditions
  • Preferred to negotiate but would use strikes
3.) ______
a.) Gain ______and
to ______
b.) ______= companies could only hire ______
c.) ______
  • By 1900 = biggest union in the USA
  • 500,000 members = less than 15% of nonfarm workers
  • Discriminated against African Americans
  • Admitted only a few women

The IWW
(p. 206-207) / 1.) ______
  • Created in 1905
a.) ______
  • “the Wobblies”
2.) Wanted to organize all ______according
to ______
  • “One Big Union” = wanted all workers to be organized into one group
  • Tried to attract unskilled workers, who had been ignored by most unions
3.) ______
4.) 1912 = ______
  • Lawrence, Massachusetts
  • Textile companies cut wages
  • 25,000 workers went on strike
  • Children sent out of town in case of violence
a.) After ______, the companies ______
  • Most IWW strikes failed
  • Never gained a large membership because they were too radical and subversive

Working Women
(p. 207) /
  • By 1900 = women made up 18% of the labor force
  • 1/3 = domestic servants
  • 1/3 = teachers, nurses, and sales clerks
  • 1/3 = workers in garment and food-processing factories
1.) ______
  • Men took care of women and the family
2.) ______
3.) Mary Harris Jones = ______
  • Persuasive public speaker and good organizer
  • Helped in the Knights of Labor
  • Organized mine workers (Trinidad, CO)
4.) 1900 = International ______Union
  • Formed by Jewish and Italian immigrants in the New York City
  • Clothing business
  • 1909 = 20,000 workers went on strike
a.) Won______
b.) Got______
5.) 1903 = ______Union League (WTUL)
  • Organized by Mary Kenney O’Sullivan / Leonora O’Reilly / Jane Addams / Lillian Wald
a.) First ______for ______
b.) ______
b1.) ______
b2.) ______
b3.) ______
b4.) ______

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