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Chapter 5 Practice Test
1.In addition to economic motives, many Americans supported overseas expansion because they believed that
a. / American military might should be unrivaled in the world.
b. / European imperialism threatened to harm less-developed nations in Asia and Africa.
c. / the nation was destined to expand overseas and spread its civilization to others.
d. / the United States had much to learn from less-developed nations.
2.Although the United States bought raw materials from Latin America in the 1800s, Latin America
a. / bought most of its manufactured goods from Europe.
b. / exported manufactured goods to the United States.
c. / relied on the United States for additional raw materials.
d. / sold raw materials to Europe at a much lower price.
3.At the Pan-American conference, Secretary of State James G. Blaine wanted to create a customs union with low tariffs, in the hope that it would
a. / drive profits higher for American and European manufacturers.
b. / increase the price of American products in Latin America.
c. / lower the price of raw materials from Latin America.
d. / turn the Latin Americans away from European products.
4.Formed as a result of the Pan-American conference of 1889, the Commercial Bureau of the American Republics is known today as the
a. / North American Free Trade Agreement.
b. / North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
c. / Pan-American Union.
d. / Organization of American States.
5. According to the time line, Filipinos continued to resist occupation until
a. / April 1902.
b. / December 1898.
c. / February 1899.
d. / March 1901.
6. On the time line above, which of the following sentences could be added to the entry for “February 1899”?
a. / Filipino resistance against Spain ends.
b. / The Philippines gain independence from Spain.
c. / The United States agrees to pay $20 million for the Philippines.
d. / The United States annexes the Philippines.
7. The graph above supports which of the following statements about U.S. exports around the beginning of the twentieth century?
a. / Asia was a growing market for American goods.
b. / China purchased the least amount of U.S. exports.
c. / Europe became less important as a market for U.S. goods.
d. / Vast Chinese markets excited American business leaders.
8.President Roosevelt believed that having a canal through Central America would save time and money for commercial and military shipping and
a. / was necessary for maintaining influence in Asia.
b. / was vital to U.S. power in the world.
c. / would benefit the people of Central America.
d. / would establish a new market for U.S. goods.
9.On July 3, 1898, American warships in Santiago Harbor
a. / caused the Spanish to panic and flee.
b. / destroyed every vessel in the Spanish fleet.
c. / fought the Spanish fleet to a standstill.
d. / secured the surrender of the Spanish forces.
10.Some people who opposed the annexation of the Philippines believed that imperialism
a. / brought American ideals to people who were not ready for them.
b. / contradicted fundamental principles of the United States.
c. / provided a large market for American goods.
d. / reaffirmed the United States as a world power.
11. Based on the map above, by 1900 the United States had become a major power in the Caribbean and in
a. / Africa.
b. / China.
c. / the Pacific.
d. / South America.
12.In the late 1800s, many European nations were looking overseas for places to sell their goods because
a. / Asia and Africa were producing goods that Europeans wanted.
b. / tariffs had reduced trade among industrialized nations.
c. / they could sell their goods at higher prices in Asia and Africa.
d. / they were producing more than other industrialized nations could buy.
13.When an imperial power allowed a territory to remain technically independent, with local rulers remaining in control, the territory was called
a. / a colony.
b. / a protectorate.
c. / a state.
d. / an unincorporated territory.
14.As the United States industrialized, many Americans concluded that the nation needed new overseas markets to
a. / compete with Latin American nations.
b. / keep its economy strong.
c. / protect its overseas investments.
d. / provide inexpensive labor.
15.The Treaty of Kanagawa gave the United States trading rights at two ports in
a. / China.
b. / Hawaii.
c. / Japan.
d. / the Philippines.
16.In 1899 the United States established American Samoa as a
a. / client state.
b. / colony.
c. / protectorate.
d. / territory.
17.At the first Pan-American conference, the United States wanted Latin American delegates to agree to a customs union, which would
a. / establish an organization for mutual defense.
b. / make Latin American nations protectorates of the United States.
c. / require the United States and Latin American nations to reduce their tariffs.
d. / set up a cultural exchange so nations could learn about each other’s histories.
18.Until 1886, about one-third of the population of Cuba was
a. / enslaved.
b. / from England.
c. / from the United States.
d. / part of the Spanish military.
19.In 1894 the United States caused an economic crisis in Cuba by
a. / blockading the island.
b. / passing a tariff on sugar.
c. / preventing trade with Spain.
d. / withdrawing American investments.
20.Cuban rebels rose up against the Spanish in 1895, when Cuba was
a. / an American protectorate.
b. / in financial distress.
c. / granted autonomy by Spain.
d. / a U.S. trading partner.
21.Spanish General Valeriano Weyler herded hundreds of thousands of rural Cubans into “reconcentration camps” in order to
a. / damage American investments in Cuba.
b. / encourage American intervention in Cuba.
c. / exterminate Cuban rebel forces.
d. / prevent them from aiding Cuban rebels.
22.In 1898 U.S. President William McKinley faced strong pressure to go to war against Spain, including public anger over the explosion of the USS Maine and
a. / calls for assistance from Cuban rebels.
b. / jingoism within the Republican Party.
c. / panic among Americans in Cuba.
d. / war fever within the U.S. military.
23.On May 1, 1898, Commodore George Dewey led his squadron into Manila Bay in
a. / Cuba.
b. / Hawaii.
c. / the Philippines.
d. / Spain.
24.Which of the following statements best describes the effectiveness of the Spanish military during the Spanish-American War?
a. / The Spanish fleet was effective, but Spanish soldiers were ill-prepared.
b. / The Spanish military was ill-prepared and ineffective.
c. / The Spanish military was prepared for battle and very effective.
d. / Spanish soldiers were highly effective, but the Spanish fleet was not prepared.
25.Under the Treaty of Paris, the United States acquired the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and
a. / Cuba.
b. / Guam.
c. / Panama.
d. / Samoa.
26.After the Spanish-American War, Congress gradually allowed Puerto Ricans greater self-government, and in 1917 it
a. / allowed Puerto Ricans to elect their own governor.
b. / granted Puerto Ricans U.S. citizenship.
c. / granted statehood to Puerto Rico.
d. / recognized Puerto Rico as an independent nation.
27.The United States gained control over the Philippines as a result of
a. / dollar diplomacy.
b. / the Open Door policy.
c. / the Pan-American conference.
d. / the Spanish-American War.
“When next I realized that the Philippines had dropped into our laps . . . I sought counsel from all sides—Democrats as well as Republicans . . . and I am not ashamed to tell you, gentlemen, that I went down on my knees and prayed to Almighty God for light and guidance more than one night.”
—U.S. President William McKinley
28. In the excerpt, when McKinley says that the Philippines “dropped into our laps,” he is describing the
a. / annexation of the Philippines during the Spanish-American War.
b. / defeat of the Spanish fleet by Commodore George Dewey.
c. / defeat of Filipino guerillas by U.S. military forces.
d. / establishment of an American naval base in Manila Bay.
29.The United States became an imperial power as a result of
a. / the Boxer Rebellion.
b. / the Open Door policy.
c. / the Pan-American conference.
d. / the Spanish-American War.
30.Today, the Philippines are an
a. / American commonwealth.
b. / American protectorate.
c. / independent country.
d. / unincorporated territory.
31.In the late 1890s, Russia, Germany, France, and Britain demanded “leaseholds” in China that would give each country
a. / an advantage over the United States.
b. / a market for Chinese goods.
c. / a protectorate in Asia.
d. / a sphere of influence in China.
32.To ensure that all nations would have access to China’s markets, President McKinley and Secretary of State John Hay pursued which of the following policies?
a. / dollar diplomacy
b. / imperialism
c. / Open Door policy
d. / the Roosevelt Corollary
33.In 1899 U.S. Secretary of State John Hay asked countries with leaseholds in China
a. / not to use their influence to close Chinese markets to other nations.
b. / not to discriminate against other nations doing business in their sphere of influence.
c. / to demand compensation for damages incurred during the Boxer Rebellion.
d. / to establish a system for defending their interests from rebellions in China.
34.In 1900 a group in China killed more than 200 foreigners in what came to be known as the
a. / Beijing Rebellion.
b. / Boxer Rebellion.
c. / China Rebellion.
d. / Secret Rebellion.
35.To prevent any nation from controlling trade in China, President Theodore Roosevelt helped negotiate a resolution to a war between
a. / China and Japan.
b. / Japan and England.
c. / Japan and Russia.
d. / China and Russia.
36.President Roosevelt used the West African saying “Speak softly and carry a big stick” to express his belief that
a. / attacks on U.S. interests must be met with a strong military response.
b. / displaying U.S. power to the world would deter nations from fighting.
c. / imperialism violates fundamental American principles.
d. / the United States has an obligation to promote development in other nations.
37.During construction of the Panama Canal, progress was slowed as a result of
a. / President Roosevelt’s “big stick” policy.
b. / diseases that sickened workers.
c. / objections in Congress to the canal.
d. / Panama’s revolt against Colombia.
38.The Roosevelt Corollary stated that the United States would intervene in Latin American affairs when necessary to
a. / extend American influence in Central and South America.
b. / maintain economic and political stability in the Western Hemisphere.
c. / protect American business interests and investments in Latin America.
d. / shape the less-civilized nations in the Western Hemisphere.
39.The foreign policy of President Roosevelt’s successor, William Howard Taft, differed from Roosevelt’s because
a. / Roosevelt placed more emphasis on diplomacy and less on the use of military force.
b. / Roosevelt supported the Open Door policy in China and Taft did not.
c. / Taft placed less emphasis on military force and more on economic development.
d. / Taft supported intervening in Latin America to preserve stability and Roosevelt did not.
40.Under the policy known as “dollar diplomacy,” President Taft supported Latin American industry in order to increase trade and profits for U.S. business and
a. / exert influence over the governments of Latin American countries.
b. / lift Latin America countries out of poverty and social disorder.
c. / prevent European countries from intervening in Latin America.
d. / protect U.S. investments in Latin America from local rebellions.
41.To give Europeans less reason to intervene in Latin American affairs, President Taft’s administration worked to
a. / build up the militaries of Latin American allies.
b. / deploy U.S. battleships to Latin America.
c. / negotiate treaties with major European powers.
d. / replace European loans with loans from U.S. banks.
42.When he took office, President Woodrow Wilson opposed imperialism and wanted the United States to
a. / compete aggressively with European powers for global influence.
b. / engage in free trade with nations in Central and Latin America.
c. / promote democracy to create a world free of revolution and war.
d. / retreat from any involvement in the affairs of foreign nations.
43.President Wilson decided to intervene in Mexico in 1914 in the hope of
a. / forcing out German forces.
b. / increasing U.S. influence there.
c. / overthrowing General Huerta.
d. / promoting democracy there.
44.President Wilson followed Roosevelt’s example in the Caribbean, sending troops to intervene in Haiti and in
a. / Cuba.
b. / the Dominican Republic.
c. / Guatemala.
d. / Panama.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If it is false, change the identified word(s) to make the statement true.
DIRECTION LINE: In the blank, indicate whether the statement is true (T) or false (F). If false edit the statement to make it a true statement.
45.In the late 1800s, Congress was convinced to authorize the construction of a large U.S. navy.
46.As trade with Latin America grew during the second half of the nineteenth century, it needed ports for its ships to refuel and resupply as they crossed the Pacific.
47.Sugar planters, supported by U.S. marines, overthrew the Hawaiian monarchy in 1893, and the United States annexed Hawaii in 1898.