Chapter 5.0 in Class Lab Assignment

Chapter 5.0 In Class Lab Assignment

CIT 1100

BasicInput/OutputServices(BIOS)isfirmwarethatstoresthesystemsdevicedriversformostofthelowlevelhardwaresuchaskeyboards,floppydrivesand video cards. BIOS is the interface between hardware and software allowing them to communicate with each other. BIOS holds the Power On Self Test (POST) instructions the processor performs when the system boots. InadditionBIOSisusedduringthebootsequenceto locate and load theoperatingsystem.Theseinstructionsarestoredonintegratedcircuits,withinstructionswrittenprimarilybyoneofthreecompaniesthatspecializeinBIOSsoftware.Insome instances thesystemmanufacturewillpurchasetheBIOSsoftwareandmodifyitfortheir ownspecialpurposes.Inoldersystemswhenusers’addednewharddrives(andsomeotherdevices)theywouldhavetopre-configurethesystemBIOSbeforethesystemcouldusethedevice.Onnewersystems,BIOSwillautomaticallyconfigureharddrivesmakingsystemmodificationssimpler(plugnplay).

AsnewmotherboardsareintroducedBIOSisrewrittentoallowfornewerdevicesbeingused.SincetherearedifferentmanufacturersofBIOSandnumerousdifferentversionsthereisnosingledocumentationavailablethatcoversallvariations.TobecomeproficientworkingonsystemBIOSthebestreferencewouldbetoobtainthemotherboarddocumentation,orrefertotheinternetformanufactureinformation.

BeforestartingthislabTurnonyoursystemtobecertainthatitworksproperly,andthenshutitdownusingthepropershutdownproceduresfortheoperatingsystemyouareusing. (ClickonStartTurnOffComputer)

IdentifyingsystemBIOS

1.Removethecoverfromyoursystem and attempt tolocatetheBIOSchip.OnsomesystemstheBIOSchipplugsintoasocketandisremovable.Tohelplocatethesechips,manufacturersattachashinylabeltothetopofit.On many newer systemstheBIOSchipissolderedontothemotherboardmakingitun-removable, and nearly impossible to identify.Onthesesystemsthelabelmaybeaffixedanywhereonthemotherboard,oreliminatedaltogether.Somesystemssimplyputasmalllabelonthedevicebrieflyindicatingthemanufacturesname,orreleasenumber.Sincetherearesomanyvariablesinvolved,theeasiestmethodistorefertothemotherboarddocumentation.

Locate and identify theBIOSchipif possibleonyourmotherboard,andanswerthefollowingquestions:

1.CanyoufindtheBIOSchiponthe motherboard? If so how is it labeled?_____

• If not can you find a small shiny metallic label? If so how is it labeled? ______

2.IstheBIOSChipremovable?______

EnteringintoSystemSetup(BIOS):

3.Powerupyoursystem,watchthescreentoseeifthereisapromptto“Enterintosetupmode”.ThisnormallyappearsshortlyafterthesystemrunsPOST(PowerOnSelfTest) when thesystembeeps, on some systems it isn’t displayed.

•NotedependingonthecompanythatwrotethesystemBIOStherearenumerousmethodsusedtoaccessBIOS(CMOSsetup):

i.Press Delete (most common)

ii.Press F2

iii.PressF10

iv.PressCtl+Alt+Insert

v.PressCtl+A

4.IndicatethemethodusedtoenterintoBIOS(CMOSsetup).______

Keepinmindthatyouonlyhaveafewsecondstorespondwiththeproperkeystrokes.Ifyoumissthetimingyouwillhavetorebootstartover.WhenyouenterintoCMOSsetupyoushouldseeascreensimilartothefollowing.

5. SearchfortheBIOSmanufacturerandVersionofBIOSyoursystemusing? ______

6.UsethearrowkeystosearchtheBIOSmenustofindtheplacetosetaBIOSUserPassword.Setthepasswordto“CIT.”BIOSwillnowrequireapasswordbeentered before someone can enter the setup screen.

7.Savethechanges (usually F10)totheNon-volatileCMOSorFlashRAMandexitthe CMOSSetuputility.

8.WhatwasthekeystrokeneededtosaveandexitCMOS?______

PasswordRecovery:

1.RebootyoursystemandattempttoenterCMOSSetup.Youwillbepromptedforthepasswordyouentered in step 6 above.

2.Enterthepassword to verify that you have the correct password

3. Exit CMOS, shutdown the PC (Unplug the power), and remove the cover.

4.Locate*thejumperusedtoclearCMOS.Thejumper is usually located in the corner of the motherboardandis often labeled“BIOSCONFIG”, near the CMOS Battery. Often the only way you will find it is with the system manual.

5.Switchthepositionofthejumperfromitsnormalposition,onthetoptwopins,totheresetposition.PoweroffthesystemthenbackonandyouwillbeintheBIOSscreenselect“ClearPassword”,theF10tosaveandexit.Poweroffthesystemputthejumperbacktothenormalposition.ThiswillcleartheUserpassword.

6.Powerupthesystem.VerifytheUserpasswordhasbeenremoved, then shutdown the system.

Note*

SomemotherboardsdonothaveaClearCMOSjumper, orpossiblyyouwon’thaveamotherboardmanualavailable,orcannotlocatethejumper.Also, some LaptopsrequiretheusertoreturnthelaptoptoafactoryauthorizedrepairdepottorecoverfromalostCMOSPassword.Thecostforrecoverycanbeashighas$700.00! Forsystemsotherthanlaptops,youcanusuallydeleteCMOSpasswordsbysimplyerasingCMOS.ToeraseCMOS(resetittofactorydefaultwithoutapassword),withthepowercordunpluggedremovetheCMOSbattery.WiththelossoftheCMOSbatterypowerCMOSwillreverttofactorydefault.Theproblemwiththisisoftenthereisacapacitorconnectedtothebatterywhichwillholdthechargeforquiteawhile,soyoumighthavetowaitforthecapacitortodischargetozerobeforetheNon-VolatileCMOSmemorywillbeerased.

7. Reboot thesystem,enterCMOSSetupandsetthe passwordagain as done earlier, hit F10 (or whatever is required to save the changes). Power down the system, and unplug the power cord from the power supply.

8. Overridethepasswordbyremovingthe CMOS battery,BECERTAINPOWERISOFF,UNPLUGTHESYSTEMFROMTHEWALLBeverycarefulremovingthebattery,thesmall clipscan easily bebroken.Gentlypressasmallscrewdriver(orballpointpen)ontothe clipholdingthebatteryintheholder.Thebatteryshouldfallout. Once removed wait a few minutes to be certain the capacitor is completely discharged.

9.Reinsertthebattery.PLUGTHESYSTEMBACKINTOTHEWALL.Bootthesystemagain.

10.VerifytheBIOSUserPasswordwasremoved.

Laptops

Laptopsareadifferentstoryaltogether.Theyusuallydonothaveasimplewaytoremovepasswords,andremovingthe BIOSbatteryisverydifficult,sometimesimpossible.Sowhatdoyoudoifyouhavealaptopandyouwanttoreloadtheoperatingsystemandthesystemissettobootfirstfromthefloppythentheharddrive?ItwouldneverseetheCDsinceitwouldalwaysbootfromtheharddrive.ThereisoneotherwaytogetaroundaforgottenCMOSPassword,passwordcrackingsoftware.GotoGoogleandenter“CMOSPASSWORDCRACKER”.Therearemanytochoosefromanditmighttakeawhiletolocateafreeone,butyoushouldconsideragoodCMOSpasswordcrackingsoftwareaspartofyourtoolkit.

BootOrder

Oneofthe tasks performedbysystemBIOSistheinitialbootsequence.BIOSholdstheinstructionsthattelltheCPUwhattotesttomakesurethesystemisreadytoloadtheoperatingsystem.AfterthePOSTtestisperformed(PowerOnSelfTest)BIOSmustlocateandloadtheoperatingsystemintomemory.BydefaultBIOSfirstlooksonthefloppydriveforanoperatingsystem.Thisisacarryoverfromtheveryearlydayswhentheoperatingsystemwassmallenoughtofitontoafloppy,andtherewerenoharddrives.IfBIOSdoesnotfindtheoperatingsystemonthefloppydriveitthenlooksataspecialplaceontheharddrivetoseeiftheoperatingsystemislocatedthere.FailingthatitwillusuallylookfortheoperatingsystemontheCD.BootingfromaCDwasdonetoallowloadingnewoperatingsystemsfromthedistributionCD. On most new systems the floppy drive is being eliminated altogether.

Considerwhathappensif/whentheoperatingsystemthatwasproperlyloadedontotheharddrivebecomescorrupted.Whenthesystemboots, since there is nothing in the floppy drive itattemptstobootfromtheharddrive.Dependingontheconditionoftheharddrive,thesystemcouldhaltwithoutloadinganything.Torepairtheoperatingsystem,youhavedecidedtoreloaditfromthedistributionCD.However,sincethesystemhangsontheharddrive,BIOSwillnevergettotheCD,sothebootsequencemustbechangedfromdefaultoffloppyharddriveCD,to CDharddrive floppy.

1.EnterCMOSSetupandverifythattheBootsequenceisfloppy*/harddrive/CD.SearchfortheBIOSmenuforbootorder.(Tryanythingthatsays“Boot”orpossibly“AdvancedBIOSFeatures”andsetthefirstdevicetoremovabledrive (the floppy drive),thentheharddrive,thentheCD.SaveandexitCMOS. *Floppy is often shown as “removable device”

2.Powerdownthesystem,insertablankfloppydiskintothefloppydriveandbootupthesystem,explainwhathappenswhenBIOSdoesnotfindanoperatingsystemonthefloppydrive.______

3.Shutdownthesystem,enterCMOSSetupandchangethebootsequenceto:CDremovabledriveharddrive.Savethechanges,exitCMOSSetup.

4.InsertaBootableCDintotheCDtray(UsetheWindowsXPCD),rebootthesystem,watchclosely,eventhoughyouhaveinstructedBIOStobootfromtheCDitwillusuallypromptwith“BootFromCD:”ignoretheprompt(donothing),explainwhathappensnext______

5.RemovetheFloppydiskfromtheA:drive,andtheCDfromtheCDtray.RebootthesystemandenterCMOSsetup.Setyourbootsequencetoharddrive/CD/removable,saveandexitCMOS.

Userswillmovethefloppydrivetotheendofthebootsequencetospeedupthebootprocess.ThisavoidsthetimewastedwhileBIOSlooksforanoperatingsystemonthefloppydrive. Therearealsoanumberoftroubleshootingdisksavailablethatrequireyoutobootfromthefloppydrive, or CD.Whenusingtheseutilitiesyouwillneedtomakethefloppydrive or CD istheprimarybootdevice.

Whenmakingadecisiononamotherboardforasystemyouareplanningonbuilding,becertaintoselect theBIOSthatsupportsmoreadvancedfeatures.Somelessexpensivemotherboardsuse very simpleBIOSwithfewfeatures.

ThingstolookforinaSystemBIOS:

• SupportforSupervisorandUserpasswords
• SystemHealthstatus
• Over-clocking
• Temperatureandfanmonitoring

Advanced features-

1.EnteryoursystemCMOSConfigurationandlistanyoftheadvancedfeaturessupportedbyyourBIOS: (depending on your system you may not find any)

______

2. Better BIOSes support options that allow you to monitor system parameters like Temperature, Voltages, Fan speed. Does the system you’re working on support these features? ______

3. ExitCMOSsavingthesettings.VerifythesystemrebootsnormallytoXP.

Name:______Date:______Lab5

BasedontheresultsoftheChapter5labs,answerthefollowingquestions:

1.Nameatleast(3)advancedfeaturesthataresupportedbybetterBIOSimplementations:

a.______

b.______

c.______

2.List twp waystocleartheBIOSSystemPasswordfromacomputer:

a.______

b.______

3.Whatdoesthesystemdoifthefirstdeviceselectedtobootfromisthefloppydriveandthereisablankdiskinthedrive?______

4.Doesthe your BIOSsupportoverclockingoftheCPU?______

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