Chapter 43: the Immune System- Practice Questions

Chapter 43: The Immune System- Practice Questions

2) Physical barriers to invasion by other organisms
A) include the skin and the mucous membranes.
B) are difficult for bacteria and viruses to penetrate.
C) may work in conjunction with secretions like tears, perspiration, and mucus.
D) Only A and C are correct.
E) A, B, and C are correct.
Answer: E
7) In the inflammatory response, the absence of which of the following would prevent all the others from happening?
A) dilation of arterioles
B) increased permeability of blood vessels
C) increased population of phagocytes in the area
D) release of histamine
E) leakage of plasma to the affected area
Answer: D
9) Which cell and signaling molecule are responsible for initiating an immune response?
A) phagocytes: lysozyme
B) phagocytes: chemokines
C) dendritic cells: interferon
D) mast cells: histamine
E) lymphocytes: interferon
Answer: D

10) Inflammatory responses may include all of the following except
A) clotting proteins sealing off a localized area.
B) increased activity of phagocytes in an inflamed area.
C) reduced permeability of blood vessels to conserve plasma.
D) release of substances to increase the blood supply to an inflamed area.
E) increased release of white blood cells from bone marrow.
Answer: C
14) What is the single most important event establishing a primary immune response?
A) the presentation of viral protein complexed to class I MHC
B) the lyses of virally infected cells by cytotoxic T cells
C) the phagocytosis of microbes by antigen-presenting cells
D) the recognition of self versus foreign
E) apoptosis of virally infected cells
Answer: D
16) Which of the following is not a part of an antibody molecule?
A) the epitope
B) the constant or C regions
C) the variable or V regions
D) the light chains
E) the heavy chains
Answer: A
18) The clonal selection theory implies that
A) brothers and sisters have similar immune responses.
B) antigens activate specific lymphocytes.
C) only certain cells can produce interferon.
D) a B cell has multiple types of antigen receptors.
E) the body selects which antigens it will respond to.
Answer: B
29) In which of the following situations will helper T cells be activated?
A) when an antigen is displayed by a dendritic cell
B) when a cytotoxic T cell releases cytokines
C) when natural killer (NK) cells come in contact with a tumor cell
D) in the bone marrow during the self tolerance test
E) when B cells respond to T-independent antigens
Answer: A

For the questions below, match the following answers with the phrase that best describes them.

A.cytotoxic T cells
B.natural killer cells
C.helper T cells
D.macrophages
E.B cells

31) These cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity and destroy virally infected cells.
Answer: A
32) These cells have a function that is similar to the function of dendritic cells.
Answer: D
33) These cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity, and they respond to class I MHC molecule-antigen complexes.
Answer: A
34) These cells are involved in innate immunity, and a person lacking these cells may have a higher than normal chance of developing malignant tumors.
Answer: B
40) Both lysozyme and cytotoxic T cells
A) kill cells through chemical interactions.
B) kill cells by inducing apoptosis.
C) kill cells by generating a membrane attack complex.
D) are part of innate immunity.
E) are involved in cell-mediated immune responses.
Answer: A
43) Which cells will respond whether you have a viral infection or a bacterial infection?
A) plasma cells
B) helper T cells
C) cytotoxic T cells
D) only A and B
E) A, B, and C
Answer: D
44) Which of the following are all types of T cells that participate in the immune response system?
A) CD4, CD8, and helper cells
B) cytotoxic and helper cells
C) plasma, antigen-presenting, and memory cells
D) lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells
E) class I MHC, class II MHC, and memory cells
Answer: B
46) Why can normal immune responses be described as polyclonal?
A) Blood contains many different antibodies to many different antigens.
B) Construction of a hybridoma requires multiple types of cells.
C) Multiple immunoglobulins are produced from descendants of a single B cell.
D) Diverse antibodies are produced for different epitopes of a specific antigen.
E) Macrophages, T cells, and B cells all are involved in normal immune response.
Answer: D
47) Antibodies of the different classes IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD, and IgE differ from each other in the
A) way they are produced.
B) way they interact with the antigen.
C) type of cell that produces them.
D) antigenic determinants that they recognize.
E) number of carbohydrate subunits they have.
Answer: B
50) Phagocytosis of microbes by macrophages is enhanced by
A) the binding of antibodies to the surface of microbes.
B) antibody-mediated agglutination of microbes.
C) the release of cytokines by activated B cells.
D) A and B only
E) A, B, and C
Answer: D
52) What happens to people who receive flu vaccinations?
A) They develop active immunity to the flu.
B) They develop passive immunity to the flu.
C) They have immunity to smallpox infection.
D) They have an increased number of natural killer (NK) cells.
E) They develop a hypersensitive humoral immune response.
Answer: B

55) Jenner successfully used cowpox virus as a vaccine against the virus that causes smallpox. Why was he successful even though he used viruses of different kinds?
A) The immune system responds nonspecifically to antigens.
B) The cowpox virus made antibodies in response to the presence of smallpox.
C) Cowpox and smallpox are antibodies with similar immunizing properties.
D) There are some antigenic determinants common to both pox viruses.
E) All of the above are true.
Answer: D
56) Which of the following would be most beneficial in treating an individual who has been bitten by a poisonous snake that has a fast-acting toxin?
A) vaccination with a weakened form of the toxin
B) injection of antibodies to the toxin
C) injection of interleukin-1
D) injection of interleukin-2
E) injection of interferon
Answer: B
59) A transfusion of type A blood given to a person who has type O blood would result in which of the following?
A) the recipient's B antigens reacting with the donated anti-B antibodies
B) the recipient's anti-A antibodies clumping the donated red blood cells
C) the recipient's anti-A and anti-O antibodies reacting with the donated red blood cells if the donor was a heterozygote (Ai) for blood type
D) no reaction because type O is a universal donor
E) no reaction because the O-type individual does not have antibodies
Answer: B
64) In order to investigate the immune system of an invertebrate animal, a scientist grafts a section of epidermis from one earthworm to another. What might be the result of such an experiment?
A) Invertebrates do not have immune responses, so the graft will be accepted.
B) The graft will be recognized as nonself and rejected.
C) This graft will be accepted, but a second graft would be rejected.
D) The graft may recognize the host as foreign and react to it.
E) Both B and D would happen.
Answer: B
66) Which of the following could prevent the appearance of the symptoms of an allergy attack?
A) blocking the attachment of the IgE antibodies to the mast cells
B) blocking the antigenic determinants of the IgM antibodies
C) reducing the number of helper T cells in the body
D) A and B only
E) B and C only
Answer: A
68) What aspect of the immune response would a patient who has a parasitic worm infection and another patient responding to an allergen such as ragweed pollen have in common?
A) Both patients would have an increase in cytotoxic T cell number.
B) Both patients would suffer from anaphylactic shock.
C) Both patients would risk development of an autoimmune disease.
D) Both patients would be suffering from a decreased level of innate immunity.
E) Both patients would have increased levels of IgE.
Answer: E
70) A person with AIDS would be unlikely to suffer from which of the following diseases?
A) cancer
B) rheumatoid arthritis
C) hepatitis
D) tuberculosis
E) influenza
Answer: B
71) Which choice could be used as an analogy to describe how HIV affects the body?
A) bypassing a light switch so that electricity is constantly flowing to a light
B) rebooting a computer after getting a program error message
C) snipping the wires coming from a car battery so that no electricity flows to the car components
D) an elevator stopping at the floor for which the button has been pushed
E) changing the color of your house to match the color of your car
Answer: C
77) Which of the following is not part of the body's innate, nonspecific defense system?
A) natural killer (NK) cells
B) inflammation
C) phagocytosis by neutrophils
D) phagocytosis by macrophages
E) antibodies
Answer: E
78) Which of the following is a characteristic of the early stages of local inflammation?
A) arteriole constriction
B) fever
C) attack by cytotoxic T cells
D) release of histamine
E) antibody- and complement-mediated lysis of microbes
Answer: D
82) Which of the following molecules is incorrectly paired with a source?
A) lysozyme—tears
B) interferons—virus-infected cells
C) antibodies—B cells
D) chemokines—cytotoxic T cells
E) cytokines—helper T cells
Answer: D