Name: ______
Date: ______
Chapter 4 & 5 (Atomic Structure & Electrons in Atoms) Study Guide
1. Define the term atom.
2. What did Democritus discover? When did he live?
3. What are the main points in Dalton’s atomic theory?
4. All atoms contain what three subatomic particles? What are their charges?
5. Who discovered the electron? Briefly describe his experiment.
6. What are the relative masses of a proton, neutron, and electron? How does the relative mass of a proton compare to that of a neutron?
7. What was JJ Thompson’s atomic model?
8. What experiment did Rutherford perform? What were his results/findings?
9. What subatomic particles are located in the nucleus?
10. What subatomic particle occupies almost all the atom? What is its’ charge?
11. What does the atomic number tell about the element?
12. What is the mass number?
13. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in the following atoms:
a. Mercury
b. Bismuth
c. Magnesium-24
d. Magnesium-25
e. Magnesium-26
14. Define an isotope.
15. How are atoms of one element different than the atoms of another element?
16. How are isotopes of the same element different?
17. Calculate the average atomic mass of bromine. One isotope of bromine has an atomic mass of 78.92amu and a relative abundance of 50.69%. The other major isotope of bromine has an atomic mass of 80.92amu and a relative abundance of 49.31%.
18. Calculate the average atomic mass of lead. The four lead isotopes have atomic masses and relative abundances of 203.973 amu (1.4%), 205.974 amu (24.1%), 206.976 amu (22.1%) and 207.977 amu (52.4%).
19. What is an atomic orbital?
20. What does the principal quantum number (n) tell us?
21. How do you determine the number of sublevels in an energy level?
22. How many orbitals do each of the following subshells contain:
a. s
b. p
c. d
d. f
23. What is the shape of an s orbital?
24. What is the shape of a p orbital?
25. How many orbitals are in :
a. 3p
b. 6p
c. 5d
d. 7s
e. 3s
26. What is the maximum number of electrons that a single orbital can hold?
27. The maximum number of electrons that can occupy a given energy level is represented by the following equation______.
a. What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the 5th energy level?
b. What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the 3rd energy level?
28. Write the electron configuration for the following elements
a. Carbon
b. Scandium
c. Lithium
d. Nickel
e. Sulfur
f. Strontium
29. Write the noble gas configuration for the following elements
a. Cadmium (Cd)
b. Chlorine (Cl)
30. Identify and define the 3 parts of a wave.
31. How are wavelength and frequency related? (As one increases, what happens to the other?)
32. When an electron occupies the lowest possible energy level it is said to be in its ______state. Through sun, heat, electricity it can absorb energy and enter the ______state.