Chapter 34: World War I
What goals and values were expressed in the various nationalistic movements of the early twentieth century? Which ethnic groups in particular asserted the right of self-determination? ______
How did the imperialistic rivalries of the European powers contribute to international tensions before World War I? Be specific. ______
Summarize the forces set in motion by the assassination of the Archduke Ferdinand in 1914. When and why did the war begin? ______
What was the typical experience of the soldier in World War I? Explain how new technologies changed the experience of war. ______
What role did women play in the war effort? Were these changes long- or short-term? ______
What factors caused the Russian Revolutions in February and October of 1917? What changes emerged initially from these revolutions? ______
How did Lenin and the Bolsheviks come to power? ______
When and why did the United States enter the war? What did this move mean? ______
What was the intent of the League of Nations? What were the weaknesses of this body? ______
How did the mandate system work in the Middle East? Who profited most from this system? ______
1. The spark for World War I was provided when Gavrilo Princip assassinated(p. 946)
a. Francis Joseph. b. Nicholas II. c. Alexander Kerensky. d. Francis Ferdinand. e. Otto von Bismarck.
4. The term for the idea that people with the same ethnic origins, language, and political ideals had the right to form sovereign states was(p. 947)
a. Utopian socialism. b. positive nationalism. c. democratic republicanism.
d. Fabianism. e. self-determination.
6. Pan-Slavism was actively promoted by(p. 947)
a. Germany. b. the United States. c. Russia. d. Austria-Hungary. e. Italy.
8. Which of the following was not an important area of competition and conflict between England and Germany in the years leading up to World War I? (pp. 947–949)
a. religious differences b. the naval race c. colonial disputes d. industrial and trade rivalry
e. nationalistic tensions
14. The military plan that called for an invasion of France through Belgium was called the(p. 950)
a. XVII plan. b. Bismarck plan. c. Schlieffen plan. d. Brest Litovsk plan.
15. Gavrilo Princip was a member of a secret Serbian society known as the(p. 951)
a. Black Shirts. b. Black Hand. c. Young Serbians. d. Yugoslavs. e. White Lodge.
16. The last tsar of Russia was(p. 952)
a. Alexander II. b. Ivan IV. c. Nicholas II. d. Ivan III. e. Alexander III.
19. “To make the world safe for democracy” was the motto of the(p. 952)
a. Russians. b. Italians. c. Austrians. d. Ottomans. e. Americans.
21. The western front in World War I was(p. 953)
a. a German victory after the French abandoned their English allies.
b. a bloody stalemate.
c. an overwhelming French and English victory.
d. a relatively easy German victory.
e. an Italian victory that changed the shape of the war.
22. The massive German assault on the western front in 1916 was(p. 955)
a. the Somme. b. the Marne. c. Gallipoli. d. Verdun. e. Caporetto.
23. The Somme was(p. 955)
a. the battle in 1914 that halted the German Schlieffen plan.
b. a huge German offensive against the French lines in 1916.
c. a disastrous Italian defeat that destroyed any hope for an Italian invasion of Austria.
d. the first great American victory of the war.
e. a English assault in 1916 that gained a few thousand yards.
27. What effect did World War I have on the status of women? (p. 958)
a. Working-class women enjoyed the greatest advancement in economic opportunity.
b. The demands of total war actually reduced the opportunities for women.
c. All women took advantage of new economic opportunities, which lasted long past the end of the war.
d. The slaughter caused by capitalistic tensions caused 32 percent of women to join socialist or communist parties.
e. Women in many countries received the vote in the years after the war
37. The main difference between the philosophies of Marx and Lenin was(p. 962)
a. Lenin’s belief that the revolution had to be based on free market reforms.
b. Lenin’s belief that the working class was incapable of developing revolutionary consciousness on its own.
c. that Lenin was much more moderate than Marx.
d. Lenin’s belief that revolution was an inevitable force of history that would develop on its own.
e. Marx’s continuing fascination with the Utopian Socialists.
38. The most famous motto of the Russian Revolution was(p. 963)
a. “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity.”
b. “To Make the World Safe for Democracy.”
c. “Peace, Land, and Bread.”
d. “Socialism in One Country.”
e. “No Taxation without Representation.”
39. The Treaty of Brest Litovsk(p. 963)
a. was harsh toward the Germans and led to resentment after the war.
b. forged the alliance between England and France that would later be expanded to the Triple Entente.
c. forced the Chinese to give Hong Kong to the British.
d. ended Russia’s involvement in World War I.
e. was shaped by American desires.
40. The key factor in the United States’s decision to enter World War I was(p. 965)
a. its long-standing friendship with Great Britain.
b. its position as leader of the free world.
c. the U.S. desire to pick up German colonies in the Pacific.
d. age-old antagonism between the United States and the Ottoman Turks.
e. Germany’s resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare.
41. The Influenza Pandemic (Spanish Flu) of 1918(p. 967)
a. was directly caused by World War I.
b. was actually confined only to Europe.
c. was responsible for more deaths than those suffered in battle during World War I.
d. wiped out an estimated twenty-five percent of the population of the Pacific Islands.
e. both c. and d. are correct.
43. Woodrow Wilson agreed to many harsh stipulations to the Treaty of Versailles(p. 968)
a. because he felt that Germany had to be punished on a world stage.
b. because of his personal hatred of the French.
c. in return for the creation of the League of Nations.
d. because of his hatred for Germany, caused by the sinking of the Lusitania.
e. as a means of showing that democracy was the single best form of government.
44. In the wake of World War I, Mustapha Kemal became president of(p. 969)
a. Russia. b. Egypt. c. Persia. d. Syria. e. Turkey.
45. The mandate system
a. led to the occupation of Germany after the war.
b. allowed the Germans to repay their reparations to the Allied powers.
c. allowed for the rapid spread of communism.
d. angered the Arab world because it was little more than a glorified form of imperialism.
e. was one of Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points.
Treaty of Versailles ______
Central Powers______
No-man’s-land______
Bolsheviks______
Lusitania______
Mustapha Kemal______
Vladimir Lenin______
Woodrow Wilson ______
Discuss the factors that led to the outbreak of World War I. What role did the alliance system play in this process? What role did nationalism and imperialism play in the road to World War I? ______
Would the experiences of World War I soldiers be representative of all soldiers in all wars? Was there something unique about the experiences of these soldiers? What would their experiences say about warfare in the twentieth century? ______
Examine the causes of the Russian Revolution. What were Lenin’s main ideas? How did he transform Russia and the world? ______
What are the foundations of Lenin’s philosophy? How did it differ from that of Marx? How did World War I enter into Lenin’s career and his philosophy? ______
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What were the fundamental mistakes of the negotiators at Paris who drew up the Treaty of Versailles? Were they doomed from the start? Was World War II inevitable? ______
What were the major consequences of World War I? How was the world transformed by this bloody confrontation? ______
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Study the map of southwest Asia on page 973. How did it turn out this way? What was the mandate system? ______
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