NAME: ______DATE: ______BLOCK: ______
Unit 1: American Beginnings to 1783
Chapter 3: The Colonies Come of Age
Graphic Organizer
CHAPTER 3 VOCABULARY
SECTION 1 / SECTION 2 / SECTION 3 / SECTION 41. cash crop
2. plantation
3. indentured servant
4. gentry
5. subsistence farming
6. middle passage
7. slave code / 8. bill of exchange
9. artisan
10. entrepreneur
11. capitalist / 12. mercantilism
13. natural rights
14. English Bill of Right / 15. Enlightenment
16. Great Awakening
17. rationalism
18. pietism
19. revivals
Chapter 3 Key Term Dissections
1. Sir William Berkeley
2. triangular trade
3. Glorious Revolution
4. The Navigation Acts
5. Enlightenment Writers (John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Baron Montesquieu)
Section 1: England and Its Colonies
England and its largely self-governing colonies prosper under a mutually beneficial trade relationship. Although many ______benefited from the trade relationship with the home country, the real purpose of the colonial system was to enrich ______.
______- economic belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism
Trade Balance Between the Colonies and Britain
Colonies / England------>
<------
The Navigation Acts
●No country could trade with the colonies unless the goods were shipped in either ______or ______ships.
●All vessels had to be operated by crews that were at least ______English or colonial.
●The ______could export certain products ONLY to ______.
●Almost all goods traded between the colonies and Europe had to pass through an English Port.
The Navigation Acts created an economic system that benefited both England and most of the colonists. They helped create jobs for English ______and also ______for the English government. Restricting trade to only English or colonial ships, created a boom in the colonial ______.
In 1684, the King began to crackdown on citizens in ______in order to force the Puritans to follow the orders of the King. Their corporate charter was also revoked in order to make it a royal colony.
Dominion of New England - The King of England, James II, wanted to make the colonies more obedient to him so he appointed a single ruler in Boston.
Ruler / Laws EnactedAndros created thousands of enemies and would enrage the northern colonies with his actions.
The Glorious Revolution ( )
Parliament voted to offer the throne of England to ______. King James would flee upon hearing of William’s army sailing to England. Parliament would pass a series of ______establishing its power over the monarch. The colonists would then arrest ______and Parliament would restore many of the colonies former rights.
Salutary Neglect - “Beneficial Neglect”
Parliament decided to loosen its grip and give more decision-making ability to the colonists. They also made two changes from previous laws:
This policy would begin a trend of ______in the colonies in which they developed some of their own systems of government that did not include Parliament or the King.
Section 2: The Agricultural South
Southern colonies began to depend on ______, crops grown primarily for sale rather than for the farmer’s use. ______would begin to develop instead of towns. These properties would allow the south to become self-sufficient because they could make everything they needed themselves.
The Role of Women
Women have few ______rights, little formal schooling. Most women cook, clean, garden, and do farm chores. Rich and poor women are expected to submit to their husband’s will.
Slavery in the Southern Colonies
Southern colonists began to turn to using African slaves as the price of indentured servants rose. In 1690, 13,000 slaves suffered in the southern colonies. By 1750, more than ______.
During the 1600’s African slaves had become part of the ______network.
The voyage that brought Africans to the Americas was known as the ______. This was a horrible journey in which these Africans would be branded and packed onto filthy ships. Beatings and disease were frequent on these ships as the passengers had to endure these horrific conditions.
Once slaves arrived in the south, ______percent would begin working in the fields. The other 10-20 percent would work in the home of the plantation owner. Full-time work began around age ______and would continue until death.
Stono Rebellion ( )
Some Africans resisted this position of servitude and rose up against the slave owners. ______slaves gathered at the Stono River in South Carolina wielding guns and other weapons. They killed several planter families and planned to flee south to Spanish-held ______. A white militia would catch up with the group and eventually kill the members of the rebellion.
Section 3: The Commercial North
A Diversified Economy
From 1650 to 1750, the colonies’ economy grew twice as fast as Great Britain’s economy did. Unlike the Southern colonies, those in New England and the middle colonies grew ______crops instead of a single one.
Commercial businesses such as began to grow quickly in the Northern colonies.
Businesses such as:
The ______class would grow and become one of the most powerful groups in the North.
Diversity in The Northern Colonies
Immigrants in Colonies
City/State / Immigrant GroupsPhiladelphia
New York
Delaware
Newport
Slavery in the North
Northern colonies did not have as much incentive to use slavery because raising ______and ______did not require as much labor as southern crops. Slavery did still exist in the North as well as racial prejudices against Africans - free or enslaved. Northern laws kept black peoples from having basic personal rights such as:
- 2. 3.
Salem Witch Trials
In February 1692, several Salem, Massachusetts girls accused a West Indian slave woman named, ______, of practicing witchcraft. A hysteria broke out through the town as more and more people would begin to be accused of practicing witchcraft. Many ______people would bring charges against rich citizens without any proof. Many ______who were considered too independent would also be charged.
Eventually, the court would be shut down as the officials realized they had been lied to. Before this was over, ______people had been hanged, and 1 had been crushed to death. 5 had died in jail and more than ______had been imprisoned.
The Enlightenment(1700s) - These ideas of ______and reason controlling how the world works spread from Europe to the colonies. People were able to read about these ideas in the colonies because the ______made literacy a priority so that everyone could read the Bible. One outstanding Enlightenment figure was ______. He embraced the idea of obtaining truth through experimentation and reasoning. The Enlightenment would also help form many of the political ideas of the colonies.
The Great Awakening ( )
Puritan preachers see that their followers do not focus on the church as much anymore so they try to revive the intensity of the past. This movement brought many colonists into organized ______for the first time in their lives. Education would also be a priority of this movement as colleges such as ______, ______, ______and ______are created to train ministers.
Section 4: French and Indian War
New France vs British Colonies
New France / BritishPopulation
Types of Settlers
Native American Relations
French and British colonial land claims had begun to escalate and led to some small battles between the two empires. A 22-year old officer name ______was given orders to evict the French from the Ohio Valley region.
The ______suffered many defeats at the start of the war and King George II would send William Pitt to command his armies in North America. Pitt’s leadership let to many victories for the British forces, these victories brought a new ally to the British side, the ______.
The British surprise attack at ______would be a decisive factor in the British winning the war.
The French and Indian War would officially end with the ______in 1763.
Great Britain claimed many new lands in North America after this war that France surrendered.
The British victory also affected Native American relations in the region. ______, the Ottawa tribe leader, knew that the British would not coexist peacefully with his people. Pontiac and his soldiers would capture _____ British forts and burn down two others in the Ohio Valley. In response, British officers gave Native American leader ______infested blankets at a peace negotiation and it quickly spread through the villages.
The British government passed the ______which banned all settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains.
The Colonies and Britain Grow Apart
After the French and Indian War, problems were arising in the colonies between them and the British: