PERIOD 7: 1865 - 1945

Chapter 27 –The Path of Empire (1890-1909)

(13th Edition Only)

The over-arching theme of Chapter 27 isThe Path of Empire that America took over new lands, mostly in the Caribbean and the Pacific.

Learning Objectives – After reading this chapter you should be able to:

  1. …explain why the United States suddenly abandoned its isolationism and turned outward at the' end of the 19thcentury.
  2. …describe the forces pushing for American overseas expansion, and the causes of the Spanish- American War
  3. …describe and explain the unintended results of the Spanish-American War, especially the conquest of Puerto Rico and the Philippines
  4. …explain McKinley's decision to keep the Philippines, and list the opposing arguments in the debate about imperialism.
  5. …analyze the consequences of the Spanish-American “War, including the Filipino rebellion against U.S. rule and the war to suppress it.
  6. …explain the growing U.S. involvement in East Asia, and summarize America's "Open Door" policy toward China.
  7. …discuss the significance of the "pro-imperialist" Republican victory in 1900 and the rise of Theodore Roosevelt as a strong advocate -of American power in international affairs.
  8. …describe Roosevelt's assertive policies in Panama and elsewhere in Latin America, and explain why his "corollary" to the Monroe Doctrine aroused such controversy.
  9. …discuss Roosevelt’s foreignpolicies and diplomatic achievements, especially regarding Japan.
  10. …analyze the long-term consequences and significance of the Spanish-American War.

Overseas Involvement (WOR)

Monroe Doctrine

French in Mexico

Pan-American Conference (1889)

James Blaine

Venezuela boundary dispute

Cleveland and Olney

Hawaii

Pearl Harbor

Queen Liliuokalani

Cleveland blocks annexation

Causes of U.S. Imperialism (WOR, ID)

International ·Darwinism

business and imperialist competitors

spreading religion and science

Josiah Strong

expansionist politicians

steel and steam navy

Alfred Thayer Mahan

nationalist media

Spanish-American War (WOR, POL)

Cuban revolt

Valeriano Weyler

"jingoism"

"yellow journalism"

De Lomé Letter

sinking of the Maine

Teller Amendment

"a splendid little war"

invade the Philippines

George Dewey

Rough Riders

Theodore Roosevelt

Treaty of Paris: Puerto Rico

Guam and Philippines

Emilio Aguinaldo

Anti-Imperialist League

Insular Cases

Platt Amendment (1901)

China Policy (WOR)

spheres of influence

John Hay

Open Door policy

Boxer Rebellion

U.S. joined international force

Second Hay Note

TR Policies (WOR)

"big-stick policy"

TR supports Panama

revolt

Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty (1903)

building the Panama

Canal

George Goethals

William Gorgas

Roosevelt Corollary

Russo-Japanese War

Treaty of Portsmouth (1905)

Noble Peace Prize (1906)

segregation in San Francisco schools

gentlemen's agreement

Great White Fleet

Algeciras Conference (1906)

Root-Takahira Agreement (1908)

To build your social science vocabulary, familiarize yourself with the following terms.

  1. arbitration - an arrangement in which a neutral third party conclusively determines the outcome of a dispute between two parties
  1. scorched-earth policy - the policy of burning and destroying all the property in a given area so as to deny it to an enemy
  1. reconcentration - the policy of forcibly removing a population to confined areas in order to deny support to enemy forces
  1. atrocity - a specific act of extreme cruelty
  1. proviso -an article or clause in a statute, treaty, or contract establishing a particular stipulation or condition affecting the whole document
  1. hostage - a person or thing forcibly held in order to obtain certain goals or agreements
  1. Americanization - the process of assimilating American character, manner, ideals, culture, and so on
  1. sphere of influence - in international affairs, the territory where a powerful state exercises the dominant control over weaker states or territories
  1. partition - in politics, the act of dividing a weaker territory or government among several more powerful states
  1. blue blood -a person of supposedly “pure blood," presumed to be descended from nobility or aristocracy
  1. bellicose - disposed to fight or go to war
  1. preparedness - the accumulation of sufficient armed forces and materiel to go to war
  1. corollary - secondary inference or deduction from a main proposition that is assumed to be established or proven
  1. indemnity A payment assessed to compensate for an injury or illegal action