CHAPTER 26: THE NEW POWER BALANCE, 1850-1900
I. New Technologies and the World Economy
A. Railroads
1. 1850 railroads were a success in:
2. Non industrialized nations:
3. Railroads open new land to:
B. Steamships and Telegraph Cables
1. Iron and steel now used for:
2. Impact:
3. Telegraph cables:
C. Steel and Chemical Industries
1. Steel before industrial revolution:
2. Steel after industrial revolution:
3. Alfred Nobel’s invention ______
4. Impact of Dynamite:
D. Electricity
1. In the year ______electricity now powered cities
2. Electricity created a huge demand for ______
3. Electric streetcars, ______, and ______
E. World Trade and Finance
1. By ______shipping costs were cut in half.
2. Impact:
II. Social Changes
A. Urbanization and Urban Environments
1. 1914:
2. Government provided:
3. Purposes of Coal:
4. Coal’s impact on society:
5. Horse drawn carts are replaced by ______and automobiles
6. Impact:
B. Middle Class Women’s “Separate Sphere”
1. Victorian Age:
2. Role of Men:
3. Role of Women:
4. Middle class women were expected to ______the children
5. Society frowned on working ______class women; only allowed to be ______
C. Working Class Women
1. Domestic servants facing long hours and ______from masters
2. Married women were expected to ______
3. Married women income:
III. Socialism and Labor Movements
A. Marx and Socialism
1. Karl Marx wrote ______
2. History is clashes between:
3. Marx’s society:
B. Labor Movements
1. Unions brought:
2. 19th century all male received right to vote; women:
IV. Nationalism and the Rise of Italy, Germany, and Japan
A. Language and National Identity in Europe
1. ______, ______, and ______brought about nationalism
B. The Unification of Italy
1. ______headed the unification of Italy in 1860
C. The Unification of Germany
1. Otto von Bismark unified Germany through ______-______War
2. War caused tension between ______and Germany
3. Germany makes alliances with:
D. The West Challenges Japan
1. Japanese foreign policy:
2. Matthew Perry arrives in Japan 1853:
3. Treaty of Kanagawa:
4. 1868 shogunate is overthrown
E. The Meiji Restoration and Modernization of Japan
1. Meji transformed Japan to a world class industrial and military power
2. Meiji reforms:
F. Nationalism and Social Darwinism
1. Survival of the fittest now applies to nations
2. Social Darwinism:
V. Great Powers of Europe, 1871-1900
A. Germany
1. Germany formed coalition with ______and ______
2. Wilhelm II dismissed ______and looked for colonies
B. Russia and Austria-Hungary
1. Austria Hungary separated from Russia to form independent nation
2. Russian economy was controlled by the state; ______class did not benefit from industrialism
3. Tsar Nicolas introduced:
VI. China, Japan, and the Western Powers
A. China in Turmoil
1. China is hurt by Taiping Rebellion and being taken advantage of in trade by Europeans
B. Japan Confronts China
1. Boxer Rebellion:
2. Russo-Japanese War—Japan defeats Russia:
3. Japan conquered Manchuria and Korea making it an imperial power
NOTES:
CHAPTER 27: NEW IMPERIALISM, 1869-1914
I. Motives and Methods
A. Political Motives
1. Desire for National prestige
2. Acquisition of new colonies through:
B. Cultural Motives
1. White Man’s Burden (Rudyard Kipling):
2. Adventure and glory; overseas extension of ______
C. Economic Motives
1. Demand for materials and crops:
2. Profit in:
3. Looked for support in:
D. Tools of the Imperialists
1. Greater mobility by:
2. Discovery of ______helped Europeans travel to Africa safely
3. ______and ______widened firearm gap between ______and ______
E. Colonial Agents and Administration
1. Modern scientific and industrial methods applied to colonies (forced westernization)
2. Indirect vs. Direct Rule:
3. Protectorate:
4. Youth in colonial countries:
II. Scramble for Africa
A. Egypt
1. Foreign money helped build the ______
2. 1882:
3. Technologies only benefited the ______and ______
B. Western Africa
1. Berlin Conference on Africa in 1885:
2. 1886 laid out framework for European occupation
3. ______were not invited to the Berlin Conference
4. ______were built to connect central and coastal Africa
C. Southern Africa
1. Cecil Rhodes:
2. ______Company controlled central Africa through British
3. Boer War (South African War) 1899-1902:
4. 1910:
5. Apartheid:
D. Political and Social Consequences
1. Ethiopia defended itself against ______in 1896
2. Europeans emphasized:
E. Cultural Responses
1. Missionaries taught:
2. Africans used ______ideals to critique colonialism
3. ______was allowed to continued to spread
III. Imperialism in Asia and the Pacific
A. Central Asia
1. Russia was able to expand south when the ______dynasty declined
B. Southeast Asia and Indonesia
1. Countries defeated by Social Darwinism:
2. Reason:
3. Impact:
C. Hawaii and Philippines, 1878-1902
1. ______was annexed in 1898
2. Reason:
3. 1898 Spanish American War:
4. US won ______and ______from Spain
5. Impact:
IV. Imperialism in Latin America
A. Railroads and the Imperialism of Free Trade
1. ______and ______funded industrialism in Latin America
2. Elite encouraged foreign companies to industrialize
B. American Expansionism and Spanish American War, 1898
1. Monroe Doctrine:
2. US beat Spain taking Puerto Rico and making ______independent
C. American Intervention in Latin America
1. Panama Canal:
2. 1914:
V. World Economy and Global Environment
A. Expansion of the World Economy
1. Imperialists brought their colonies into the world market and introduced new technologies
2. Cut cost and time:
B. Transformation of Global Environment
1. ______development supported larger populations but stressed land
NOTES:
CHAPTER 28: CRISES OF IMPERIAL ORDER, 1900-1929
I. Origins of Crisis in Europe and Middle East
A. Ottoman Empire and the Balkans
1. By the late 19th century Young Turks:
2. Young Turks took control and looked to ______for assistance
B. Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism
1. M
2. A
3. I
4. N
5. Triple Alliance:
6. Triple Entente:
7. The immediate cause:
8. Austria Hungary declares war on ______on July 28, 1914
II. The Great War and Russian Revolutions, 1914-1918
A. Stalemate, 1914-1917
1. Schlieffen Plan:
2. Why Implemented:
3. Why Failed:
4. Trench Warfare:
5. Life in the Trenches:
B. Home Front and the War Economy
1. ______and ______were necessary—men from the colonies to fight and women to work in factories
2. At first US only sold goods in the War. Sold to ______and ______.
3. US entered in ______
4. Governments controlled public opinion
5. Censored newspapers –
6. Created propaganda =
C. Ottoman Empire at War
1. ______and ______made an alliance in 1914
2. Dardanelles Strait:
3. 1917 British troops:
D. Double Revolution in Russia
1. Russian ______—not well trained and not much ammo but will send massive amounts of troops
2. Czar Nicholas and Rasputin:
3. Bolshevik Revolution 1917:
4. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (March 1918):
E. End of the War in Western Europe, 1917-1918
1. Germany can’t compete with the British warships, so resorts to ______warfare
2. Unrestricted submarine warfare, Zimmerman Telegram, and invasion of Belgium bring ______in the War
3. November 11, 1918:
III. Peace and Dislocation in Europe, 1919-1929
A. Impact of War
1. Great War caused massive amounts of death and made millions refugees
2. Impact:
3. US passed ______that closed the doors to immigrants
B. Peace Treaties
1. Paris Peace Conference leaders:
2. Treaty of Versailles humiliated ______
3. Treaty conditions:
4. ______falls apart and new countries arise
C. Russian Civil War and New Economic Policy
1. Communists and the Soviet Republic of Ukraine merge to create ______
2. Lenin dies in 1924 ______takes over USSR.
3. Five Year Plan:
IV. China and Japan: Contrasting Destinies
A. Social and Economic Change
1. China struggles with ______and Japan modernizes and depends on ______
B. Revolution and War, 1900-1918
1. ______takes China
2. Japan is on the side of the allies in WWI taking ______colonies as spoils
3. Chiang Kai-shek:
V. New Middle East
A. Mandate System
1. Territories lost by Germany and Ottomans were given to winners of war as mandates
2. Britain took:
3. France took:
B. Rise of Modern Turkey
1. ______modernized with the help of European nations
2. Mustafa Kemal:
C. Arab Lands and the Question of Palestine
1. Arab people did not see ______system as liberation but as ______
2. French army dominated most of the ______and ______in Middle East
3. Iraq in 1922:
VI. Society, Culture, and Technology in the Industrialized World
A. Class and Gender
1. 1920 Women gained the right ______
B. New Technologies of Modernity
1. New Technologies like:
2. Amelia Earhart and Charles Lindbergh:
C. Technology and the Environment
1. Mass produced automobiles replaced ______
2. Gas powered tractors replaced horses
3. Dams and canals generate ______
VII. Comparative Perspectives
A. Postwar Realignments
1. France and Britain were economically weakened, Russia dealt with civil war and revolutions, Austria Hungary and Ottomans divided into smaller weaker nations
2. Japan and US came out stronger
NOTES:
CHAPTER 29: THE COLLAPSE OF THE OLD ORDER, 1929-1949
I. The Stalin Revolution
A. Five Year Plan
1. Stalin industrialized ______and ______not ______
2. Achieve ambitious goals by instituting ______control over economy
3. Factories and mines:
4. Led to increases in ______output
5. Collectivization =
6. Peasants and land:
7. Protesters:
B. Collectivization of Agriculture
1. ______put small farms together and expected them to supply fixed amounts of goods
2. Collectivization was accomplished by ______suppression and disrupted ______causing a ______
3. Fear of ______in Germany caused Stalin to put heavy emphasis on heavy ______and ______
C. Terror and Oppurtunities
1. Population control:
2. ______were created by Stalin
3. Stalin helped Soviet Union industrialized faster than any other nation making ______a power on the world stage
4. 1936:
5. Stalin ruled with an iron fist and ruthlessly removed all ______
II. The Depression
A. Economic Crisis
1. October 29,1929:
2. International Impact of Stock Crash:
3. Many people turn to political leaders who offer simple solutions in return for ______power
B. Depression in Industrial Nations
1. ______and ______escaped because of ______
2. ______and ______suffered relying on ______to pay for ______
C. Depression in Nonindustrial Nations
1. ______and ______were least effected
2. Price of gold shot up benefiting ______miners
III. Rise of Facism
A. Mussolini
1. 1919:
2. Fascism =
3. Push extreme nationalism and love for the ______
4. Envisioned an ______state ruled by a strong all-powerful leader, tended to glorify ______
5. Mussolini became leader of the Fascist Party and was appointed ______
6. Fascism excelled at propaganda and ______war
B. Hilter
1. Germany was digging out of WWI, hyperinflation of 1923, and Depression blaming ______, ______, and ______for their troubles
2. After the war he joined:
3. Tries to seize power in the ______
4. Fails and Hitler goes to jail, where he writes Mein Kampf or “______”
5. It outlines his major political ideas and goals
6. 1924:
7. 1933:
8. Impact in Germany:
C. Road to War, 1933-1939
1. Treaty of Versailles violations:
2. Munich Conference:
3. Lebensraum:
4. Nazi-Soviet Non-aggression Pact:
IV. East Asia, 1931-1945
A. Manchurian Incident of 1931
1. Japan needed to end reliance on foreign trade and took Manchuria
2. Japan is now run by ______not ______
3. 1931:
4. The ______does nothing
B. Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945
1. 1937:
2. Japan takes Nanjing in 1938 (Rape of ______)
3. ______builds an army and brings ______party to power in China
V. Second World War
A. The War of Movement
1. Germany’s lightning warfare called ______
2. 3 steps of blitzkrieg:
3. Axis Powers:
4. Allied Powers:
B. War in Europe and North Africa
1. Germany conquers ______in less than one month
2. British RAF defeat Germany, invades Soviet Union only to be stopped by ______
3. Germany helped ______in Africa by were finally defeated by the British ( )
C. War in Asia and the Pacific
1. US and Britain stopped shipments of ______, iron, and ______to Japan
2. December 7, 1941:
3. U.S. Congress declares war on Japan on ______
4. US and Britain join ______as Allies
5. US destroy four aircraft carriers of Japan and Japan cannot replace
D. End of the War
1. 1943:
2. Soviet invasion in the west and US and ______invasion in Italy and France
3. The race to Berlin is on between the Soviets and the other Allies ( )
4. Half a million ______surround Berlin in late August 1945
5. Hitler commits suicide on May 2 and Berlin surrenders the same day
6. On May 7th ______surrenders
7. May 8th:
8. 1945 bombing of ______and ______
9. August 15th:
E. Chinese Civil War and Communist Victory
1. Chaing Kai-shek’s Guomindang forces fought ______until 1949
2. ______announced People’s Republic of China October 1, 1949
VI. Character of Warfare
A. Science and Technology
1. Technology:
B. Bombing Raids
1. US and British sought to break ______of populations with bomb raids
2. US bomb raids devastated ______
C. Holocaust
1. Nuremberg Racial Laws (1935)
2. Night of Broken Glass (Nov. 1938)
3. Nazi killing of civilians were a part of a policy to exterminated whole races
4. German Jews were herded into ghettos and concentration camps
5. Nazis targeted:
D. Home Front in US
1. US economy ______during the war
2. Consumer goods were in short supply so people saved
3. Internment camps of Japanese:
NOTES:
CHAPTER 29 PG. 3
CHAPTER 30: STRIVING FOR INDPENDENCE: INDIA, AFRICA, AND LATIN AMERICA, 1900-1949
I. Indian Independence Movement, 1905-1947
A. The Land and the People
1. Population in India between 1900 and 1941:
2. Impact:
3. Indian classes:
4. ______became common medium of communication of Western educated middle class