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Chapter #25America Moves to the City, 1865 to 1900

Chapter Synopsis:Born in the country, America moved to the city in the decades following the Civil War. By the year 1900, the United States’ upsurging population nearly doubled from its level of some 40 million souls enumerated in the census of 1870. Yet in the very same period, the population of American cities tripled. By the end of the nineteenth century, four out of ten Americans were city dwellers, in striking contrast to the rustic population of stagecoach days. This cityward drift affected not only the United States but most of the Western world. Europeanpeasants, pushed off the land in part by competition from cheap American foodstuffs, were pulled into cities—in both Europe and America—by the new lure of industrial jobs. A revolution in American agriculture thus fed the industrial and urban revolutions in Europe, as well as in the United States.

Please provide TWO key points that can be drawn from the chapter synopsis.

KEY POINT #1
KEY POINT #2
The Urban Frontier
Know: Louis Sullivan, Walking Cities, Department Stores, Tenements
1.What factors led to the growth of cities in the second half of the 1800's?
2. The New Immigration
Explain the subheading
Southern Europe Uprooted
3.Why did the new immigrants come to America in such large numbers?
Reactions to the New Immigration
Know: Political Bosses, Social Gospel, Jane Addams, Hull House, Settlement houses, Lillian Wald, Florence Kelley
4.How did political bosses help immigrants?
5. Narrowing the Welcome Mat
Explain the subheading
Churches Confront the Urban Challenge
Know: Dwight Lyman Moody, Cardinal Gibbons, Salvation Army, Mary Baker Eddy, YMCA
6What role did religion play in helping the urban poor?
Darwin Disrupts the Churches
Know: Charles Darwin, Origin of the Species, Fundamentalists, Modernists, Colonel Robert G. Ingersoll,
7.What effect did the theory of evolution have on Christian churches?
The Lust for Learning
Know: Normal Schools, Kindergarten, Chautauqua
8.What advances took place in education in the years following the Civil War?
9. Booker T. Washington and Education for Black People
Explain the subheading
The Hallowed Halls of Ivy
Know: Vassar, Howard, Morrill Act, LandGrantColleges, Hatch Act
10.What factors allowed the number of college students to dramatically increase?
The March of the Mind
Know: William James
11.Describe some of the intellectual achievements of the late 1800’s.
The Appeal of the Press
Know: Joseph Pulitzer, William Randolph Hearst, Yellow Journalism
12. How did the ability to produce newspapers inexpensively change their content?
Apostles of Reform
Know: Edwin L. Godkin, Henry George, Edward Bellamy
13.How did writers in the 1870's and 1880's try to address the problems of their time?
Postwar Writing
Know: Dime novels, Horatio Alger, Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson
14.Did the trends in writing after the Civil War make it a good period for literature? Explain.
Literary Landmarks
Know: Kate Chopin, Mark Twain, Bret Harte, William Dean Howells, Stephen Crane, Henry James, Jack London, Frank Norris, Paul Laurence Dunbar, Charles W. Chestnut, Theodore Dreiser.
15.What did many writers in the late 1800's have in common?
Families and Women in the City
Know: Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Carrie Chapman Catt, National Women Suffrage Association, Ida B. Wells
16.What changes were occurring in the women's rights movement?
Prohibition of Alcohol and Social Progress
Know: Women's Christian Temperance Union, Carrie Nation, Anti-Saloon League, 18th Amendment, Clara Barton
17. What social causes were women (and many men) involved in the late 1800's?
18.Artistic Triumphs
Explain the subheading
The Business of Amusement
Know: Vaudeville, P.T. Barnum, Buffalo Bill Cody, Annie Oakley, James Naismith
19.What forms of recreation became popular from 1870 to 1900? / COMMENTS, CONCERNS or CLARIFICATIONS
COMMENTS, CONCERNS or CLARIFICATIONS
COMMENTS, CONCERNS or CLARIFICATIONS
COMMENTS, CONCERNS or CLARIFICATIONS
COMMENTS, CONCERNS or CLARIFICATIONS
COMMENTS, CONCERNS or CLARIFICATIONS

The Rise of the American City

DIRECTIONS: - Please identify the factors that changed the American city in the second half of the nineteenth century by posting answers to the questions below.

RESOURCES: The American Pageant Chapter #25 ; Reading - The Rise of the American City; Reading - The Devil in the White City; Reading - Capital District 1900

#1. How did the growth of industry and large factories shape the character of the American city?

#2. How did the improved transportation: railroads; streetcars (etc) impact character of the American city?

#3. How did increased immigration shape the character of the American city?

#4. How did architectural changes: skyscraper (etc) shape the character of the American city?

#5. How did electrical lights for commercial purposes shape the character of the American city?

#6. How did tenement housing shape the character of the American city?

#7. How did political machines shape the character of the American city?

Time Period #61865 to 1898 – Pageant Chapter #25