Chapter 2 – The Brain

  1. Techniques for Studying the Brain
  1. ______is the removal or destruction of part of the brain.
  1. Any time brain tissue is removed (tumor, lobotomy, behavior experiment in animals, etc.) researchers can examine behavior ______and infer the function of that part of the brain.
  1. Brain damage as a result of an ______or ______can provide a wealth of information.
  1. Functional Methods
  1. ______(electroencephalogram) is an amplified recording of the ______(“brain waves”) sweeping across the brain’s surface, measured by electrodes placed on the scalp (sleep studies, etc.)
  2. ______(positron emission tomography) is a visual display of brain activity that detects the ______(metabolic activity) while the brain performs a given task.
  3. By doing this, one can connect brain activity to the area of the brain that controls it.
  1. Structural Methods
  1. ______(magnetic resonance imaging) uses ______ through magnetic fields to produce computer-generated images that distinguish among different types of brain tissue.
  2. ______(computerized axial tomography) uses ______to create a 3D image.
  1. Combination Method (Function & Structure)
  1. ______(functional MRI) is a comparison of ______before and during the ______of mental functions to map the parts of the brain that control those functions.
  2. It sort of combines elements of the MRI (structure) and PET (function – oxygen consumption).

II. Areas & Parts of the Brain

  1. The ______
  1. Is the ______of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells and enters the skull.
  2. It is responsible for ______.

a. ______is the base of the brainstem that controls ______.

b. ______deals with ______and plays a role in ______.

c. ______(RAS) is a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in ______.

  1. The ______
  1. Is the brain’s ______, located on top of the brainstem.
  2. It ______and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla.
  3. It receives information for all of the senses EXCEPT for ______.
  1. The ______
  1. Is often called the “______” and is attached to the rear of the brainstem.
  2. It helps ______.
  3. It also plays a part in ______, ______

______, ______and ______.

  1. The Limbic System
  1. Is a doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebrum.
  2. ______processes ______.
  3. ______consists of two almond-shaped neural clusters linked to ______.
  4. ______lies below (hypo) the thalamus.
  5. It directs several ______like eating, drinking, body temperature, and control of sexual arousal.
  6. It also helps ______by giving directions to the pituitary gland.
  1. The ______(Cerebrum)
  1. The intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemispheres.
  2. It is the body’s ultimate control and ______.
  3. Each brain hemisphere is divided into ______that are separated by prominent fissures.
  4. Frontal lobe – ______
  5. ______is the area at the rear of the frontal lobes that ______.
  6. Parietal lobe – ______
  7. ______is the area at the front of the parietal lobes that receives ______.
  8. Occipital lobe – ______
  9. Contains the ______
  10. Temporal lobe – ______
  11. Contains the ______
  1. The ______integrate sensory information and stored memories.
  2. More intelligent animals have increased “uncommitted” or association areas of the cortex.

III. The Divided Brain

  1. Our brain is divided into two hemispheres.

1. The ______

a. Processes ______(reading, writing, speaking, mathematics, and comprehension skills).

i. ______is an______, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to ______(impaired ______) or to______(impaired ______).

b. Controls the ______of the body.

c. In the 1960s, it was termed as the dominant brain.

  1. The ______
  2. Processes ______(spatial relationships, musical/artistic ability and mental imagery).
  3. Controls the ______of the body.
  4. May also be related to some negative emotions.
  1. The ______is a wide band of axon fibers that ______the two hemispheres and allow them to ______.
  2. A ______is a procedure in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the ______) between them.
  3. Usually done to prevent uncontrollable seizures

in patients with ______.

  1. ______refers to the brain’s ability to ______ itself after

some type of injury or illness.

  1. Our brains demonstrate more plasticity when we are children.

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