Chapter 2; Section 1: Pages 44-49

  1. What is a solid mixture of crystals of one or more minerals called?
  2. What is the process called that forms new rock from old rock?
  3. Early humans made arrowheads from which rock?
  4. In the rock cycle, which factor determines which forces will change a rock?
  5. Locationc. Pressure
  6. Heatd. Time
  7. What forces work on rocks at Earth’s surface?
  8. Heat and pressure
  9. Weathering and erosion
  10. Compaction and cementation
  11. Melting and cooling
  12. What affects rocks inside the Earth?
  13. Heat and pressurec. Erosion
  14. Weatheringd. Deposition
  15. What material is formed when metamorphic rock melts?
  16. Igneous Rockc. Metamorphic Rock
  17. Sedimentary Rockd. Magma
  18. What kind of rock is formed by the weathering and erosion of igneous rocks?
  19. Magmac. Metamorphic Rock
  20. Sedimentary Rockd. Igneous Rock
  21. What kind of rock is formed when sedimentary rock is subjected to heat and pressure?
  22. Igneous Rockc. Metamorphic Rock
  23. Sedimentary Rockd. Magma
  1. During ______, sediment is deposited in bodies of water.
  2. The process in which water, wind, ice and heat break down rock is called ______.
  3. Weathering breaks down rock into fragments, or ______from which sedimentary rocks are made.
  4. Because ______is less dense than surrounding rock, it rises.
  5. What moves sediment from one place to another?
  6. Depositionc. Erosion
  7. Weatheringd. Uplift
  8. What is it called when sediment is deposited in a body of water?
  9. Depositionc. Weathering
  10. Upliftd. Erosion
  11. What rock forms when sediment is squeezed by the weight of the rock above it?
  12. Igneous Rockc. Metasedimentary Rock
  13. Sedimentary Rockd. Metamorphic Rock
  14. Besides erosion, what else causes rock to be exposed at the Earth’s surface?
  15. Upliftc. Deposition
  16. Compactiond. Cementation
  17. Which is NOT one of the three main classes of rock?
  18. Igneous Rockc. Sedimentary Rock
  19. Volcanic Rockd. Metamorphic Rock
  20. How do scientists classify rocks?
  21. By colorc. By mass
  22. By composition & textured. Volume
  23. What is meant by the composition of rock?
  24. Chemical makeupc. Grain size
  25. Grain shaped. Grain positions
  26. Besides size and position, what else determines clastic sedimentary rock texture?
  27. Temperature of the grainsc. Width of grains
  28. Length of the grainsd. Shape of grains
  29. Width of the grains
  30. What types of grains determine clastic sedimentary rock texture?
  31. Round and squarec. Small, medium, & large
  32. Fine, medium, & coarsed. Heavy and light
  33. Which rock’s texture is determined by the size of the grains?
  34. Igneousc. Metasedimentary
  35. Metamorphicd. Sedimentary
  36. Which rocks’ texture is determined by how fast the magma cooled?
  37. Igneousc. Metasedimentary
  38. Metamorphicd. Sedimentary
  39. Which rock’s texture is determined b y the pressure and temperature the rock was exposed to?
  40. Metasedimentaryc. Igneous
  41. Metamorphicd. Sedimentary

Chapter 2; Section 2: Pages 36-39

  1. How are igneous rocks formed?
  2. What is one way that magma can form?
  3. Besides pressure being released, what other way can magma form?
  4. When pressure builds up
  5. When rock solidifies
  6. When rocks change composition
  7. When rocks lose water
  8. When magma cools, what type of rock does it form?
  9. Because minerals found in magma have different melting points,
  10. Some minerals become solid before others
  11. Some minerals never solidify
  12. Some minerals never melt
  13. All minerals solidify at the same temperature
  1. The more time the ______have to grow, the larger and coarser the texture is.
  2. Aluminum, potassium, silicon, and sodium make light-colored rocks called ______.
  3. Dark-colored rocks called ______have more calcium, iron, and magnesium.
  4. Igneous rocks differ from one another in how fast they ______.
  5. Igneous rocks that have small crystals have ______grains.
  1. Intrusive igneous rocks usually have what kind of texture?
  2. Coarse-grainedc. Small-grained
  3. Medium-grainedd. Fine-grained
  4. What is a sheet like intrusion that is oriented parallel to previous rock layers called?
  5. A stockc. A dike
  6. A Batholithd. A sill
  7. What are large, irregular-shaped intrusive bodies called?
  8. Stocksc. Sills
  9. Plutonsd. Dikes
  10. What are the largest igneous intrusions called?
  11. Dikesc. Batholiths
  12. Stocksd. Sills
  13. What is it called when magma erupts on the Earth’s surface?
  14. Besides volcanoes, from where else does lava flow?
  15. Fissuresc. Plateaus
  16. Sillsd. Batholiths
  17. What landform is created when lava flows out of a fissure onto land?

Chapter 2; Section 3: Pages 40-43

  1. Wind, water, ice and gravity cause rock to ______________into fragments.
  2. Fragments of rock are called ______________.
  3. Sediment moves from one place to another during the process of ______________.
  4. When new layers of _______ are deposited, they cover older layers.
  5. Cement made from _____________binds the fragments together.
  6. The most noticeable feature of sedimentary rocks are their layers called ______________.
  1. Rock that forms when

minerals crystallize out

of a solution

  1. Rock that forms from the

remains of plants & animals

  1. Rock or mineral fragment
  2. Rock that forms when clasts

are cemented together

  1. How are clastic sedimentary rocks classified?

  1. Which of the following is a chemical sedimentary rock?
  2. Conglomeratec. Halite
  3. Coald. Shale
  4. What does chemical sedimentary rock form from?
  5. Minerals that crystallize our of solution
  6. Clasts
  7. Decomposed plant material
  8. Fossils
  9. What is the chemical makeup of halite?
  10. Calcium carbonatec. Calcium sulfate
  11. Silicon dioxided. Sodium chloride
  1. Limestone can be formed from _____________, or the remains of animals.
  2. Some limestone is formed from the skeletons of tiny organisms called _______________.
  3. Coral live in huge underwater colonies called _______________.
  4. Animal remains that are cemented together can form ______________.
  5. Decomposed plant material under the ground makes ________________.
  6. What is the process in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers?
  7. Cementationc. Crystallization
  8. Stratificationd. Erosion
  9. What are the markings on sedimentary rocks that record the waves of wind and water?
  10. Stratac. Mud cracks
  11. Shorelinesd. Ripple marks
  12. What sedimentary structure indicates the location of an ancient shoreline?
  13. Ripple marksc. Strata
  14. Mud cracksd. Fissures

Chapter 2; Section 4: Pages 44-49

  1. What process is a rock undergoing when the new environment is different from the one in which the rock was formed?
  2. Erosionc. Metamorphism
  3. Meltingd. Deposition
  4. What kind of rocks can remain solid at temperatures and pressures that would melt other rocks?
  5. Intrusive igneousc. Extrusive igneous
  6. Metamorphicd. Sedimentary
  7. What aligns in parallel bands due to added pressure on a rock during metamorphism?
  8. Mineral grainsc. Clasts
  9. Sedimentd. Fossils
  10. What occurs when a rock undergoes metamorphism by being heated by nearby magma?
  11. Erosionc. Regional metamorphism
  12. Depositiond. Contact metamorphism
  13. The effect of contact metamorphism is greatest when the rock comes in direct contact with what?
  14. Waterc. Sediment
  15. Magmad. Soil
  16. What deforms and chemically changes rocks by means of increases in pressure and temperature?
  17. Erosionc. Regional metamorphism
  18. Depositiond. Contact metamorphism
  19. What kind of metamorphism occurs over large areas deep in the Earth’s crust?
  20. Erosionc. Regional metamorphism
  21. Deposition d. Contact metamorphism
  1. Metamorphism occurs when temperature and ______inside the Earth’s crust change.
  2. During metamorphism, the original minerals change into minerals that are ______in the new conditions.
  3. The presence of ______indicates the temperature, pressure, and depth of rocks that undergo metamorphism.
  1. Minerals grains that are

arranged in bands

  1. Under pressure, shale

becomes this

  1. This rock forms when

slate is exposed to more

heat and pressure

  1. Schist exposed to more heat

and pressure becomes this

  1. What do we call metamorphic rocks in which mineral grains are not arranged in bands?
  2. Slatec. Nonfoliated
  3. Foliatedd. Gneiss
  4. What do we call the process in which crystals change in size or composition?
  5. Foliationc. Sedimentation
  6. Recrystallizationd. Deformation
  7. Forms when quartz sandstone is exposed to heat & pressure
  8. Phyllitec. Shale
  9. Gneissd. Quartzite
  10. What is the term that describes the change in the shape of rock caused by squeezing or stretching?
  11. Cementationc. Recrystallization
  12. Metamorphismd. Deformation

1