Chapter 2 Minerals
Remember > The Earth is made of
______
Most ______matter on Earth is either:
•A ______
•a ______(but a rock is just a______of minerals)
What is a Mineral ?
- Natural (not man-made)
- ______(never living)
- ______
- Has an orderly structure of ______
- Has a definite ______composition
Do I use minerals ?
______
- ______(halite)
- pencil lead (______)
- ______(talc)
- window glass (______)
How do minerals form?
______main ways:
1.______form out of magma
2. Precipitate (______) out of water
3. Change in ______and temperature
(Causes existing minerals to change shape, creating a new mineral)
- From ______= (causes chemical reactions to form new minerals
6 Major Mineral Groups
- ______= minerals that contain elements silica, oxygen and other minor elements
EX: ______, Olivine, ______, Biotite, Feldspar
- Form from cooled magma
2. ______= minerals that contain oxygen, carbon, and other minor elements
EX: ______
- Form in shallow ______
3. ______= minerals that contain mainly oxygen and minor elements
EX: ______
- Form in variety of environments
4. ______= minerals that contain sulfur and other minor elements
EX: Gypsum, ______, ______
- forms in hot water solutions
5. ______= minerals that contain fluorine, chlorine, and other minor elements
EX: ______
- forms from evaporation/precipitation
6. ______= pure single forms of minerals
EX: Gold, Silver, Copper, ______, Diamond, Graphite
- forms in hot water solutions
How do we identify different minerals ?
•______
•Color is ______always ______to use
Use 7 other properties to identify minerals:
1.______= color of mineral in ______form
- rub mineral across a ______to see if color of powder is different than outer surface color
EX: ______has gray outer color but ______
- ______= how light ______off surface of mineral
A. ______= looks like shiny metal
B. Vitreous = shines like ______
C. ______
D. Waxy
3. ______= outward ______of mineral
- as mineral grows in size it will always keep the same crystal form
A. ______
B. Sheet-Like
C. ______
D. Massive = no crystal form
4. ______= resistance of mineral to being ______
- rub 2 minerals together, the harder mineral ______the softer mineral
- use the ______to find hardness range for minerals:
1 - TalcSOFTEST
fingernail 2.52 - Gypsum
3 - Calcite
steel nail 4.54 - Fluorite
manufactured glass 5.55 - Apatite
6 - Orthoclase
7 - Quartz
8 - Topaz
9 - Corundum
10 - Diamond HARDEST
- ______= tendency of a mineral to break along smooth, even surfaces (always in the same direction/directions)
- ______= always breaks into sheets EX: ______& Biotite
B. ______= mineral always breaks into squares
EX: ______
C. ______= mineral always breaks into cubes
EX: ______
Some minerals do not display cleavage, this property is called______
EX: Quartz
6. ______= how heavy a mineral feels
EX: ______is very heavy for its size
EX: ______is very light for its size
7. Miscellaneous Others
A. ______= some mineral have a distinct smell
EX: ______smells like rotten eggs
B. ______= some minerals feel greasy
EX: ______
C. ______= some minerals behave as magnets
EX: Magnetite
D. ______= salty taste of ______
CAUTION: DO NOT TASTE ANY MINERAL
E. ______= some minerals fix when a weak acid (HCL) is dropped on them
EX: ______
•Any mineral that can be cut, polished, and sold for a profit
EX:
-______
-______(mineral Corundum) = Red
-______(mineral Beryl) = Green
-______(mineral Quartz) = Purple
-______(mineral corundum with impurities of titanium) = Blue