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Name: ______Date: ______
Chapter 14: Evolution: A History and a Process
Chapter 15: Origins of Biological Diversity
Define the following:
Adaptation - ______
______
Artifical selection - ______
______
Descent with modification - ______
______
Evolution - ______
______
Extinct - ______
______
Fitness - ______
______
Fossil - ______
______
Geographic isolation - ______
______
Homologous structure - ______
______
Natural selection - ______
______
Reproductive isolation - ______
______
Speciation - ______
______
Variation - ______
______
Vestigial structure - ______
______
Chapter 14: Evolution: A History and a Process
Chapter 15: Origins of Biological Diversity
Ideas From Darwin’s Time (pages 292-293)
Who was Lamarck and explain his theory of evolution.
Is Lamarck’s theory of evolution correct? Why or why not.
Why is it important to discuss Lamarck then?
The Voyage of the Beagle (pages293-295)
Who was Darwin and what were some of his observations?
Darwin Publishes His Theory (pages296-297)
After Darwin returned from his trip, what was he convinced of?
What was the name of the book Darwin published?
Darwin’s Two Main Points (pages 297-298)
Explain the two main points Darwin discussed in his book.
Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection(pages 305-306)
Explain natural selection and what did Darwin base his theory of natural selection on? (focus mostly on page 306!) You should also know that natural selection acts directly on PHENOTYPES.
Artificial Selection (page 307)
What is artificial selection, why would humans use it, and how is it different from natural selection?
Pesticides – Natural Selection in Action (pages 307-308)
Explain how the use of pesticides can lead to the evolution of pesticide resistance.
Natural Selection and Fitness (pages 314-315)
What is “survival of the fittest” and why can it sometimes be misleading?
What is the biological definition of fitness?
The Fossil Record (pages 299-300)
Where are most fossils found and why are they important to evolution?
Fossils that are found in layers deeper down in the ground are said to be older than those found closer to the surface. Why?
Geographic Distribution (pages 300-301)
How does the geographic distribution of organisms serve as a clue to evolution?
Similarities in Structure(pages 301-302)
Give four examples of homologous structures and why are they homologous structures?
What are vestigial structures, give an example of one, and why are vestigial structures important to evolution?
Similarities in Development (Pages 302-303)
If the embryos of different organisms look similar in early development, what does that suggest?
What is a Species? (page 324)
What is the biological species concept?
From Microevolution to Macroevolution (page 325)
Explain Figure 15-2 on page 325.
Reproductive Barriers Between Species (page 325-326)
Describe the THREE barriers that contribute to reproductive isolation.
Geographic Isolation and Speciation (page 327-328)
How does geographic isolation create new species?
A Return to the Galapagos (pages 315-316)
What did the Grants study?
What happened during the dry years? What happened during the wet years?
Adaptive Radiation (pages 328-329)
Describe what Figure 15-7 is showing.