CHAPTER 13 THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM POWERPOINT NOTES

What are the six organs of the Respiratory system and there function?

Organ / Function
Nose / Air enters
Pharynx / Throat
Larynx / Voice box
Trachea / Wind pipe
Bronchi / Division of trachea
Lungs/alveoli / Gas exchange

What are the 3 functions of the respiratory system?

1.Over sees gas exchange between blood and environment

2.exchange of gas that takes place in the alveoli

3. Passage way to lung to purify, warm, humidfy air

What are the 3 functions of sinuses?

1.lighten skull

2.act as a resonance chamber for speech

3. produce mucus

The _epiglotis______routs food to the larynx and air toward the trachea.

The __alveoli______is the site of gas exchange in the lungs. This is were _____Oxygen______enters the blood and _Carbon dioxide______enters into the air sacs. __Surfactant______coats the gas – exposed alveolar surfaces and keeps them from collapsing.

Pulmonary ventilation___ is moving air in and out of the lungs while _External respiration___ is gas exchange between pulmonary blood and alveoli. The 2 phases of pulmonary ventilation are ___inspiration______and ___Expiration______.

The 3 steps of Inspiration are

1.diaphragm contracts

2. thoracic cavity increases

3.external air pulled into lungs due to pressure changes

The 3 steps of Exhalation are

1.Passive elasticity

2.air pushed out of lungs as muscles relax

3.forec expiration by depressing rib cage

Label the following respiratory graph Labeled graph in powerpoint

__inspiratory reserve volume_ ( IRV ) is the amount of air that can be taken in forcibly over the tidal volume approximately __2100 – 3000 mliters

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV ) is the amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled approximately ____1200 militers______

Residual volume___ is the air remaining in lung after expiration about 1200 mililiters

Vital capacity______The total amount of exchangeable air approximately _4200 mililiters.

Dead space volume isair that never reaches the alveoli and doesn’t contribute to gas exchange______and accounts for 150 ml.

External Respiration is _Oxygen moving into the blood.______.

The alveoli has more ___Oxygen______than CO2 so the oxygen diffuses into the _blood______. Capillary blood has more __CO2______than Oxygen so Carbon dioxide diffuse into the ___alveoli______. Blood leaving the lungs is __oxygen ______rich and ___CO2______poor. Inside the RBC’s oxygen is attached to hemoglobin. Carbon dioxide is carried in the plasma as _Bicarbonate______( HCO3 )

Internal Respiration is _exchange of gasses between blood and body cells______

Carbon dioxide diffused into the _blood______and oxygen diffuses into the ___tissues______. This is opposite of what happens in the lungs. ______Carbon dioxide______levels in the blood directly affect respiration.

Normal respiratory rate is called _Eupnea______and is about -__12 to 15______breaths per minute in an adult.

Give the characteristics of the following Respiratory Disorders:

COPD _Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease- labored breathing , dysnpea____

Emphysema _alveoli enlarge and burst air way collapses______

Chronic bronchitis _severe inflammation of lower respiratory passages. Hypoxia pneumonia_

Lung cancer _1/3 of all deaths three types associated with cigarette smoking____

SIDS _Sudden infant death syndrome – otherwise healthy infant dies in their sleep. _

Asthma _chronic inflamed hypersensitive respiratory disease, characterized by wheezing.

_Surfactant______lowers the surface tension in the lungs and keeps the alveoli from collapsing it may not be present in premature babies __Cystic Fibrosis____ is a genetic disease in which mucus clogs the respiratory system.

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