Chapter 13 - Section 1-"The Growth of Industry in the North"

Elias Howe /
  • Invented sewing machine
~cost of clothing dropped
~many tailors had to find new jobs
industrialization /
  • Occurred in 3 stages
  • tasks were divided among workers
  • workers brought together
  • workers use machines to do some of the work

Robert Fulton / Demonstrated a reliable steamboat in 1807
Yankee Clipper Ships /
  • Ship had tall masts, huge sails, & sleek hulls
~ cut overseas travel time in half
First Railroad /
  • Built in 1820’s; horses or mules pulled the cars
~1829 – 1st steam powered engine used to pull cars
Railroads /
  • Helped industry grow
~helped to ship goods quickly & cheaply
~linked towns with cities & factories
~Northern farmers couldn’t compete with cheap foods & grains shipped from West
Telegraph /
  • Device that sent electrical signals along a wire
~ invented by Samuel Morse
~ signals were based on code of dots, dashes, & spaces
(Morse Code)
~ Newspapers & businesses could communicate better

John Deere

/
  • Invented a lightweight steel plow for farming

Cyrus McCormick /
  • Invented a mechanical reaper
(mowing machine for wheat)

Section 2

Lowell, MA /
  • Mills used factory system
~brought entire manufacturing process under one roof
Trade Union /
  • United skilled workers from the same trade
~called for shorter work days, higher wages & better working conditions
Strike /
  • workers refused to work to put pressure on factory owners

Sarah G. Bagley
/
  • Created the Lowell Female Labor Reform Organization
~ asked legislature for 10-hour work day
~was ignored because she was a woman
Famine /
  • Extreme shortage of food

Immigrants /
  • A person who enters a country in order to settle there
Between 1840-1850's, 4 million immigrated to U.S.
Irish /
  • Immigrated because of potato famine
~1.5 million from 1845-1860
Germans /
  • Immigrated because of political problems
~1 million from 1850-1860
Nativists /
  • Wanted to preserve U.S. for native-born white citizens
~Called for laws to limit immigration
~Wanted to stop immigrants from voting
~Said immigrants stole jobs by working for lower pay
~Blamed immigrants for growing crime and disease
~Mistrusted immigrants because of religion
Know-nothing party /
  • Political party formed by nativists

Chapter 13-Section 3
Cotton Kingdom /
  • Extended from South Carolina to Texas
~Growing cotton wears out soil, so planters moved west
for new soil
Cotton Gin /
  • Separated cotton seed from fibers
~Could do the work of 50 people cleaning cotton by hand
~ planters could grow cotton at a huge profit now
Eli Whitney /
Invented the cotton gin
capital /
  • Money to invest in businesses
~South spent most of it on cotton farms
Social Classes / Draw Pyramid here
Yeomen / Had farms from 50 to 200 acres
~lived in simple homes
~most numerous group of whites
Tenant farmers / Farmed other peoples land
~refused to do “slave work”
Plantation owners /
  • Owned estates that covered
~Political leaders
~Their views & way of life dominated the South
Plantation wives / Watched over household slaves and tended ill slaves
Slave Codes /
  • Laws to keep slaves from running or rebelling
~Forbidden to gather in groups
~Couldn't leave without a written pass
~Not allowed to own guns
~A crime to learn to read or write = can't read maps
or schedules to try to run away
~didn't have the right to testify in court; couldn't bring
charges against owners who abused them
Nat Turner /
  • African -Am. preacher who led a major revolt
~His revolt increased Southern fears of an uprising of slaves
Underground Railroad / Network of safe houses offering assistance to runaway slaves