CHAPTER 12 PROBE QUESTIONS:
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1. -Diagram Breland example in book
o The Chicken pulls the trigger when Breland is not standing in front of the target to receive the food item, vs. pulling the trigger when Breland is standing in front of the target they will not receive food.
-P.207
- -What are the properties of diagrams of discriminative contingencies?:
o THEY ARE REALLY TWO DIFFERENT CONTINGENCIES: AN SD AND S-DELTA
o BEFORE CONDITION IS THE SAME FOR BOTH
o RESPONSE IS THE SAME FOR BOTH
o S-DELTA CONTINGENCY IS ALWAYS EXTINCTION OR
o RECOVERY
-P.213
- -In differential Reinforcement how many response classes are involved and how many stimuli, and what happens to the two response classes (one that is reinforced and the one that is extinguished)?
o -In differential reinforcement: we combine reinforcement and extinction
o -DEAL WITH TWO RESPONSE CLASSES (subclasses) AND ONLY ONE STIMULUS
o -FREQUENCY OF ONE RESPONSE CLASS INCREASES, RELATIVE TO THE FREQUENCY OF THE UNREINFORCED RESPONSE CLASS,
4. -In stimulus discrimination how many simuli are involved and how many response classes are involved?
o Stimulus-discrimination: also combine reinforcement and extinction; but only deal with one response class.
o WE VARY THE SD; THE RESPONSE REMAINS CONSTANT
o WE REINFORCE A RESPONSE CLASS IN THE PRESENCE OF ONE STIMULUS AND EXTINGUISH THE SAME RESPONSE CLASS IN THE PRESENCE OF ANOTHER STIMULUS .
o *DEAL WITH ONE RESPONSE CLASS AND TWO STIMULI
-P.217
- -Verbal behavior is the behavioral term for language
o TACTING AND MANDING ARE FORMS OF LANGUAGE
o TACT: FORM OF THE RESPONSE IS DETERMINDED BY AN SD AND THE REINFORCER IS USUALLY APPROVAL FROM THE OBSERVER
o MAND: REINFORCED BY RECEIPT OF OBJEDCT; THE FORM OF THE RESPONSE ISDETERMINED BY AN EO
o FOR BEHAVIOR ANALYSTS, VERBAL BEHAVIOR ALSO INCLUDES: LISTENING, READING, WRITING, SIGN LANGUAGE
o VERBAL BEHAVIOR MEANS LANGUAGE, NOT VOCAL
P.219
6. -Is the prompt a a type of SD?
o The prompt is NOT a type of SD
o Reinforcement or punishment of the relevant response is more likely to occur in
o The presence of an SD than in the presence of a corresponding S-Delta
o The prompt has nothing corresponding to the S-Delta. A proper response will also be reinforced in the absence of the trainer’s prompt, not just in its presence
-P.221
- -What are the four prerequisites for stimulus control:
o PREATTENDING SKILLS
o SENSORY CAPABILITIES
o CONSIPICUOUS STIMULUS
o DISCRIMINATION-TRAINING PROCEDURE
-P.223
8. -What is the difference between an SD and the operandum?
9. -What about the Skinner box?
o (talk about the difference (light vs lever in the skinner box)
o SD signals the opportunity to be reinforced or punished for a response, the Operandum allows for a response to be made
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10. -What is an undiscriminated contingency?
o THERE IS NO SD ASSOCIATED WITH THE REINFORCEMENT CONTINGENCY AND THUS ALSO NO S-DELTA
o Pressing the lever in the skinner box when there is no light (always reinforced)