Package Title: Testbank
Course Title: pap14
Chapter Number: 12
Question type: Multiple Choice
1) Which of the following is NOT a function of the nervous system?
a) Sensory function
b) Integrative function
c) Motor function
d) All are functions of the nervous system
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO12.1 Describe the structures and basic functions of the nervous system.
Study Objective 2: SO12.1.2 Describe the three basic functions of the nervous system.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.1 Overview of the Nervous System
2) Which of the following are divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
a) Somatic nervous system
b) Autonomic nervous system
c) Enteric nervous system
d) All of these choices
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO12.1 Describe the structures and basic functions of the nervous system.
Study Objective 2: SO12.1.1 Describe the organization of the nervous system.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.1 Overview of the Nervous System
3) The motor portion of the autonomic nervous system can be divided into
a) somatic and sympathetic divisions.
b) somatic and parasympathetic divisions.
c) entericand somatic divisions.
d) sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
e) voluntary and involuntary divisions.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO12.1 Describe the structures and basic functions of the nervous system.
Study Objective 2: SO12.1.1 Describe the organization of the nervous system.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.1 Overview of the Nervous System
4) Which of the following types of cells display the property of electrical excitability?
a) Muscle cells
b) Neurons
c) All of these choices
d) None of these choices
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.
Study Objective 2: SO12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue
5) Which of following organelles is acommon site of protein synthesis in neurons?
a) mitochondria
b) nucleus
c) Nissl body
d) Golgi apparatus
e) nucleolus
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.
Study Objective 2: SO12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue
6) With respect to neurons, the term “nerve fiber” refers to
a) an axon.
b) a dendrite
c) a Nissl body.
d) both axons and dendrites.
e) all of these choices
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.
Study Objective 2: SO12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue
7) This type of neuron has one dendrite and one axon emerging from the cell body.
a) Multipolar neuron
b) Bipolar neuron
c) Unipolar neuron
d) Purkinje cell
e) Renshaw cell
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.
Study Objective 2: SO12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue
8) Schwann’s cells begin to form myelin sheaths around axons in the peripheral nervous system
a) when neurons are injured.
b) during fetal development.
c) after birth.
d) only in response to electrical stimulation by neuroglial cells.
e) during the early onset of Alzheimer’s disease.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.
Study Objective 2: SO12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue
9) This type of nervous tissue contains neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, axon terminals, and neuroglial cells.
a) Gray matter
b) White matter
c) Nissl bodies
d) Ganglia
e) Nuclei
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.
Study Objective 2: SO12.2.2 Distinguish between gray matter and white matter
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue
10) Which of the following is NOT a type of channel used in production of electrical signals in neurons?
a) Leakage channel
b) Voltage-gated channel
c) Ligand-gated channel
d) Mechanically gated channel
e) Ion-gated channel
Answer: e
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO12.3 Describe the types of electrical signals that permit communication among neurons.
Study Objective 2: SO12.3.2 Compare the basic types of ion channels, and explain how they relate to graded potentials and action potentials.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.3 Electrical Signals in Neurons
11) A polarized cell
a) has a charge imbalance across its membrane.
b) includes most cells of the body.
c) exhibits a membrane potential.
d) includes most cells of the body and exhibits a membrane potential.
e) All of these choices are correct.
Answer: e
Difficulty: Hard
Study Objective 1: SO12.3 Describe the types of electrical signals that permit communication among neurons.
Study Objective 2: SO12.3.3 Describe the factors that maintain a resting membrane potential.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.3 Electrical Signals in Neurons
12) Na+/K+–ATPase is considered to be an electrogenic pump because
a) it contributes to the negativity of the resting membrane potential.
b) the sodium ions are negatively charged.
c) it exhibits low permeability.
d) both it contributes to the negativity of the resting membrane potential and the sodium ions are negatively charged.
e) all of these choices
Answer: a
Difficulty: Hard
Study Objective 1: SO12.3 Describe the types of electrical signals that permit communication among neurons.
Study Objective 2: SO12.3.3 Describe the factors that maintain a resting membrane potential.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.3 Electrical Signals in Neurons
13) A depolarizing graded potential
a) makes the membrane more polarized.
b) makes the membrane less polarized.
c) is considered a type of action potential.
d) is the last part of an action potential.
e) is seen when the cell approaches threshold.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO12.3 Describe the types of electrical signals that permit communication among neurons.
Study Objective 2: SO12.3.3 Describe the factors that maintain a resting membrane potential.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.3 Electrical Signals in Neurons
14) When a depolarizing graded potential makes the axon membrane depolarize to threshold,
a) ligand-gated Ca+2 channels close rapidly.
b) voltage-gated Ca+2 channels open rapidly.
c) ligand-gated Na+ channels close rapidly.
d) voltage-gated Na+ channels open rapidly.
e) none of these choices occur.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO12.3 Describe the types of electrical signals that permit communication among neurons.
Study Objective 2: SO12.3.4 List the sequence of events that generate an action potential.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.3 Electrical Signals in Neurons
15) During the resting state of a voltage-gated Na+ channel,
1.the inactivation gate is open.
2.the activation gate is closed.
3.the channel is permeable to Na+.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) 3 only
d) both 1 and 2 are true.
e) all of these choices are true.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Hard
Study Objective 1: SO12.3 Describe the types of electrical signals that permit communication among neurons.
Study Objective 2: SO12.3.3 Describe the factors that maintain a resting membrane potential.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.3 Electrical Signals in Neurons
16) During this period, a second action potential can only be initiated by a larger than normal stimulus
a) Latent period
b) Absolute refractory period
c) Relative refractory period
d) All of these choices
e) None of these choices
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO12.3 Describe the types of electrical signals that permit communication among neurons.
Study Objective 2: SO12.3.4 List the sequence of events that generate an action potential.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.3 Electrical Signals in Neurons
17) Saltatory conduction
a) can occur in unmyelinated axons
b) happens due to an even distribution of voltage-gated Na+channels
c) encodes only action potentials that are initiated in response to pain.
d) occurs in unmyelinated axons and happens due to even distribution of voltage-gated Na+channels
e) occurs only in myelinated axons
Answer: e
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO12.3 Describe the types of electrical signals that permit communication among neurons.
Study Objective 2: SO12.3.4 List the sequence of events that generate an action potential.
Section Reference 1: Sec12.3 Electrical Signals in Neurons
18) The nervous system can distinguish between a light touch and a heavier touch by
a) saltatory conduction.
b) continuous conduction of graded potentials.
c) changing the frequency of impulses sent to sensory centers.
d) propagation action potential in both directions.
e) modifying the length of the refractory period.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO12.3 Describe the types of electrical signals that permit communication among neurons.
Study Objective 2: SO12.3.4 List the sequence of events that generate an action potential.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.3 Electrical Signals in Neurons
19) Faster communication and synchronization are two advantages of
a) chemical synapses
b) electrical synapses
c) ligand-gated channels
d) voltage-gated channels
e) mechanically-gated channels
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO12.4 Describe signal transmission at a chemical synapse, summation, and excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.
Study Objective 2: SO12.4.1 Explain the events of signal transmission at electrical and chemical synapses.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.4 Signal Transmission at Synapses
20) An excitatory neurotransmitter _____ the postsynaptic membrane.
a) depolarizes
b) repolarizes
c) hyperpolarizes
d) does not affect the polarity of
e) moves across channels in
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO12.4 Describe signal transmission at a chemical synapse, summation, and excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.
Study Objective 2: SO12.4.1 Explain the events of signal transmission at electrical and chemical synapses.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.4 Signal Transmission at Synapses
21) Diffusion, enzymatic degradation, and uptake by cells are all ways to
a) remove a neurotransmitter
b) stop a spatial summation
c) continue a temporal summation
d) inhibit a presynaptic potential
e) excite a presynaptic potential
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO12.4 Describe signal transmission at a chemical synapse, summation, and excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.
Study Objective 2: SO12.4.1 Explain the events of signal transmission at electrical and chemical synapses.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.4 Signal Transmission at Synapses
22) When the summed total of postsynaptic potentials rises above threshold, creation of action potentials occurs
a) in the synaptic cleft.
b) in the dendrites.
c) at the trigger zone.
d) in the neuron nucleus.
e) in the neuroplasm.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO12.4 Describe signal transmission at a chemical synapse, summation, and excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.
Study Objective 2: SO12.4.1 Explain the events of signal transmission at electrical and chemical synapses.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.4 Signal Transmission at Synapses
23) A postsynaptic neuron responds to neurotransmitters released by a presynaptic neuron by creating
a) EPSPs
b) water-filled channels in its membrane
c) IPSPs
d) eitherEPSPs or IPSPs
e) All the choices are correct
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO12.4 Describe signal transmission at a chemical synapse, summation, and excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.
Study Objective 2: SO12.4.1 Explain the events of signal transmission at electrical and chemical synapses.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.4 Signal Transmission at Synapses
24) This type of neural circuit consists of a single presynaptic neuron synapsing with several postsynaptic neurons.
a) Diverging circuit
b) Converging circuit
c) Reverberating circuit
d) Parallel after-discharge circuit
e) Normal circuit
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO12.6 Identify the various types of neural circuits in the nervous system.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.6 Neural Circuits
25) Plasticity means
a) ability to regenerate after being damaged.
b) sending a signal through a converging circuit.
c) signal transmission at a synapse.
d) ability to change based on experience.
e) ability to stretch and recoil without damage.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO12.7 Describe neurogenesis and explain the events involved in damage and repair of peripheral nerves and the disorders that affect the nervous system.
Study Objective 2: SO12.7.1 Define plasticity and neurogenesis.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.7 Regeneration and Repair of Nervous Tissue
Question type: Essay
26) What factors limit neurogenesis in the CNS of adults?
Answer:
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO12.7 Describe neurogenesis and explain the events involved in damage and repair of peripheral nerves and the disorders that affect the nervous system.
Study Objective 2: SO12.7.1 Define plasticity and neurogenesis.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.7 Regeneration and Repair of Nervous Tissue
Solution: Neurogenesis in adults is limited by: 1)Inhibitory influences from neuroglia, mainly from oligodendrocytes, and 2) the absence of growth-stimulating cues present during fetal development.
27) Describe four ways drugs can modify the effects of neurotransmitters.
Answer:
Difficulty: Hard
Study Objective 1: SO12.5 Describe the classes and functions of neurotransmitters.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.5 Neurotransmitters
Solution: Drugs can modify neurotransmitter effects by:1)stimulating or inhibiting their synthesis, 2)enhancing or blocking their release, 3)activating or blocking their receptor, and 4)stimulating or inhibiting their removal.
28) List the three ways that neurotransmitters can be removed from a synapse.
Answer:
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO12.5 Describe the classes and functions of neurotransmitters.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.5 Neurotransmitters
Solution: Neurotransmitters can be removed by:1)diffusion, 2)enzymatic degradation or 3)uptake by cells.
29) List the three major factors that contribute to the creation of the resting membrane potential in excitable cells.
Answer:
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO12.3 Describe the types of electrical signals that permit communication among neurons.
Study Objective 2: SO12.3.3 Describe the factors that maintain a resting membrane potential.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.3 Electrical Signals in Neurons
Solution: The major factors that lead to creation of resting potential are: 1)unequal distribution of ions across the plasma membrane, 2)inability of most anions to leave the cell, and 3)the electrogenic nature of the Na+,K+-ATPase.
30) Briefly describe the events that occur during the depolarizing phase of an action potential.
Answer:
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO12.3 Describe the types of electrical signals that permit communication among neurons.
Study Objective 2: SO12.3.4 List the sequence of events that generate an action potential.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.3 Electrical Signals in Neurons
Solution: Voltage-gated Na+ channels open rapidly allowing Na+ to rush into the cell driven by both the electrical and chemical gradient. The inward rush of Na+ causes the membrane potential to become less negative, resulting in depolarization.
Question type: Multiple Choice
31) Which part of the diagram is considered nerve fiber?
a) A
b) D
c) I
d) Both A and D
e) All of these choices make up the nerve fiber
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.
Study Objective 2: SO12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue
32) This part of the neuron contains the nucleus and Nissl bodies.
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) E
e) Both A and B
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.
Study Objective 2: SO12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue
33) This part of a neuron contains the nucleus and cytoplasm of the Schwann’s cell that has formed a myelin sheath around the axon.
a) C
b) D
c) E
d) F
e) G
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.
Study Objective 2: SO12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue
34) In the diagram, where are axon terminals?
a) F
b) G
c) H
d) I
e) None of these choices
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.
Study Objective 2: SO12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue
35) Which of the neurons is considered to be a bipolar neuron?
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) All of the neurons.
e) None of the neurons.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.
Study Objective 2: SO12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue
36) This structure electrically insulates the axon of a neuron to increase the speed of nerve impulse conduction.
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E
Answer: e
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.
Study Objective 2: SO12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue
37) In the diagram, where is anode of Ranvier?
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.
Study Objective 2: SO12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue
38) In the CNS, this structure is produced by oligodendrocytes.
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E
Answer: e
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO12.2 Compare the structures and functions of neurons and neuroglia and white matter and gray matter.
Study Objective 2: SO12.2.1 Contrast the histological characteristics and the functions of neurons and neuroglia.
Section Reference 1: Sec 12.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue
39) Which of the diagrams in the figure represents a ligand-gated channel?