Chapter 10 Notes
The End of Reconstruction
1. When did the federal troops withdraw from Georgia and which political party regained control of the Georgia government after their withdrawal? 1870, the Democratic Party
2. Who were the Bourbon Triumvirate? (Three influential democrats in GA)
Alfred Colquitt
Joseph Brown
John B. Gordon
3. How did the Bourbon Triumvirate want Georgia’s economy to change? They wanted the economy to be based more upon industry rather than agriculture
4. What happened during the Bourbon Triumvirates time in power?
· Production of cottonseed oil, cattle feed, and fertilizer began
· Cotton textile industry grew
· Atlanta became prosperous again
5. Who was known as the “Spokesman of the South”? Henry Grady
6. List 3 things he promoted:
· Industry and crop diversification
· Northern investment in Georgia
· Unity and trust between the North and South
7. What was the International Cotton Exposition? When and where was it held? A fair held to bring money to Atlanta’s cotton textile industry held in Atlanta in 1881
8. List 4 positive results of this Exposition:
· Millions of dollars were invested in Georgia
· New jobs were created
· Similar expositions were held later
· Atlanta became known as the center of the New South
9. Who were the Populists most concerned with helping in Georgia? What were some of the problems they were experiencing? Small farmers; prices of farm products were dropping and farmers were having difficulty repaying loans
10. Who was the leader of the Populists in Georgia? Tom Watson
11. List 3 social reforms that were supported by Rebecca Latimer Felton?
· Prohibition
· Women’s suffrage
· End of the Convict Lease System
12. What happened during the 1906 Atlanta Riot? Race Riots occurred between blacks and whites in which dozens of African Americans were killed
13. What was the result of this riot? African Americans became more aggressive in the tactics to gain racial equality
14. Who was Leo Frank and what happened to him? A Jewish man from Georgia who was lynched by a mob because of anti-Semitism
15. What system was established in Georgia in 1917 as a way of giving votes in primary elections? County Unit System
16. What was the problem with this system and what eventually happened to it? The popular vote did not often win elections because the votes were not evenly distributed; the system was late abolished
Jim Crow South
17. List the 3 amendments that increased the rights of African Americans after the Civil War: 13th (abolished slavery); 14th (equal protection under the law); and 15th (gave all men the right to vote)
18. What were Jim Crow laws? Laws created in the South to mandate the segregation of blacks and whites
19. What did the US Supreme Court rule in the 1896 case –Plessy v. Ferguson? That segregation was not against the Constitution
20. This idea became known as “Separate but equal”
What did this mean? As long as equal facilities were available, it was legal for states to keep races separated______
21. Were most public facilities for whites and African Americans the same quality? No
22. Which amendment gave formerly enslaved men the right to vote? 15th
23. What is disenfranchisement? The act of denying a person the right to vote
24. List 4 methods that were used to disenfranchise African American men:
· Poll tax
· Literacy Tests
· Grandfather clause
· White primaries
What activities increased at this time? KKK activities
Civil Rights Advocates
During 1877-1918, many significant changes in civil rights took place in Georgia. Write the name of the civil rights advocate that goes with the correct description.
25. WEB Du Bois This advocate thought that African Americans should fight for total racial equality. He founded the Niagara Movement which assembled a list of demands, which included the end of segregation and discrimination. This eventually led to the formation of the NAACP.
26. Alonzo Herndon This advocate began his business career as a barber and by 1904 his barbershops were known as the best in America. He established the Atlanta Mutual Insurance Association which today is worth over $200 million. He supported many local institutions and charities that were devoted to advancing African American life in Atlanta.
27. John & Lugenia Burns Hope These educators devoted their time and efforts to educating African American people. They also supported public education, healthcare, job opportunities, and recreational facilities for African Americans.
28. Booker T. Washington This famous educator and civil rights advocate gave the significant Atlanta Compromise Speech at the 1895 Cotton States and International Exposition. This speech emphasized the idea of shared responsibility and the importance of education over equality.
World War I
29. What happened in June of 1914? Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary was assassinated by Serbian nationalists
30. What happened soon after this occurred? Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia and WWI began
31. What is an ethnic group? A group of people that shares a common & distinctive culture
32. What is an ideology? A system of beliefs and ideas that guides a group of people
33. What is nationalism? Devotion to one’s own ethnic background or country of origin
How did the Georgia economy suffer during World War I? shipments of cotton and tobacco could not make it to European Markets
34. When did the US enter WWI? June 1917
35. List 3 ways that Georgia contributed to the war effort:
· Over 100,000 Georgian men & women contributed to the war effort
· Many military training facilities were in Georgia
· Many military bases were located in GA
BONUS ROUND – Chapter 10, Section 1 – The Progressive Movement
36. When did the Progressive Movement take place? Late 1800’s and early 1900’s
37. List the 3 main ways that the Progressive Movement worked to reform society:
· Progressives wanted the government to fight poverty and improve the living conditions of the citizens
· They wanted to break up large corporations and regulate businesses
· Wanted voters t have more influence on government
38. What is a muckraker?
Writers who wrote about the problems of Americans in the early 20th century
39. Who wrote The Jungle, and what did it describe? Upton Sinclair; about the horrible conditions in the Chicago meat-packing industry
40. What is a labor union? An organization of workers formed to improve their wages, benefits, and working conditions
41. What was the Temperance Movement, and which citizens were most involved with it? A movement to stop the use of intoxicating beverages; women were primarily involved
42. What did the 18th amendment to the US Constitution prohibit and when was it ratified? Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of intoxicating beverages
43. What famous organization was created by Juliette Gordon Low? Girl Scouts
44. Who were suffragettes? Those fighting for women’s right to vote
Which amendment gave women the right to vote and when was it ratified? 19th amendment; 1920