Chapter 10 Multiple-Choice Items
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The sequence of age-related changes that occur as a person progresses from conception to death is known as
a. / maturation.b. / the perinatal period.
c. / development.
d. / childhood.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Progress Before Birth: Prenatal Development
OBJ: 10.1 KEY: Factual
2. A one-celled organism formed by the union of the sperm and egg is known as
a. / zygote.b. / germinal.
c. / embryo.
d. / fetus.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Progress Before Birth: Prenatal Development
OBJ: 10.1 KEY: Factual
3. The correct sequence of the stages of prenatal development are
a. / germinal, fetal, embryonic.b. / embryonic, fetal, germinal.
c. / germinal, embryonic, fetal.
d. / fetal, germinal, embryonic.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Progress Before Birth: Prenatal Development
OBJ: 10.1 KEY: Factual
4. The prenatal period refers to
a. / the period from conception to implantation.b. / the nine months before birth.
c. / the period of time immediately after birth.
d. / the time period before conception takes place.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 89%
REF: Progress Before Birth: Prenatal Development OBJ: 10.1
KEY: Factual
5. Omar’s wife conceived a baby seven days ago and does not yet know she is pregnant. His wife’s pregnancy is currently in the
a. / germinal stage.b. / embryonic stage.
c. / fetal stage.
d. / placental stage.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Progress Before Birth: Prenatal Development
OBJ: 10.1 KEY: Concept/Applied
6. The embryonic stage of prenatal development refers to
a. / the formation of a zygote.b. / the implantation of the fertilized egg into the uterine wall.
c. / the second through eighth weeks of prenatal development.
d. / the last seven months of the pregnancy.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 69%
REF: Progress Before Birth: Prenatal Development OBJ: 10.1
KEY: Factual
7. During which stage of development do the heart, spine, and brain emerge?
a. / postnatalb. / placental
c. / fetal
d. / embryonic
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 57%
REF: Progress Before Birth: Prenatal Development OBJ: 10.1
TOP: WWW KEY: Factual
8. The stage of prenatal development during which MOST miscarriages are likely to occur is the
a. / zygotic stage.b. / germinal stage.
c. / fetal stage.
d. / embryonic stage.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 60%
REF: Progress Before Birth: Prenatal Development OBJ: 10.1
KEY: Factual
9. Chelsey is pregnant and is concerned about taking an over-the-counter medication for her allergies. She should be MOST concerned if her pregnancy is currently at the
a. / placental stage.b. / germinal stage.
c. / fetal stage.
d. / embryonic stage.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Progress Before Birth: Prenatal Development
OBJ: 10.1 KEY: Concept/Applied
10. The third stage of prenatal development, which lasts from two months through birth, is referred to as the
a. / postgerminal stage.b. / embryonic stage.
c. / fetal stage.
d. / postnatal stage.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 91%
REF: Progress Before Birth: Prenatal Development OBJ: 10.1
KEY: Factual
11. Avery is excited by the fact that she has begun to feel her baby kicking and moving in her uterus. If Avery can feel her baby moving, her pregnancy must be in the
a. / embryonic stage.b. / germinal stage.
c. / fetal stage.
d. / neonatal stage.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Progress Before Birth: Prenatal Development
OBJ: 10.1 KEY: Concept/Applied
12. Premature babies who survive are typically born during the
a. / germinal stage.b. / embryonic stage.
c. / fetal stage.
d. / postnatal stage.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 89%
REF: Progress Before Birth: Prenatal Development OBJ: 10.1
KEY: Concept/Applied
13. The age of viability, referring to the age at which the fetus ____, is reached ____.
a. / can first respond to stimulation; at about 9 weeksb. / can survive if born prematurely; between 23 and 26 weeks
c. / first has a heartbeat; at about 16 weeks
d. / experiences no further cell division in the brain; between 36 and 38 weeks
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 85%
REF: Progress Before Birth: Prenatal Development OBJ: 10.1
KEY: Factual
14. Felicia is pregnant, and her blood pressure has become dangerously high. Her doctor wants to deliver her baby by Cesarean section, even though Felicia is only 26 weeks pregnant. If Felicia’s baby is delivered at this point in her pregnancy, the baby will have
a. / less than a 10% chance of survival.b. / approximately a 25% chance of survival.
c. / almost a 75% chance of survival.
d. / virtually a 100% chance of survival.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Progress Before Birth: Prenatal Development
OBJ: 10.1 KEY: Concept/Applied
15. Both Amy and Barb are pregnant. Currently, Amy’s pregnancy is in the shortest stage of prenatal development and Barb’s is in the longest stage. Amy’s pregnancy is in the ____ stage, and Barb’s is in the ____ stage.
a. / germinal; fetalb. / embryonic; fetal
c. / germinal; embryonic
d. / fetal; germinal
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Progress Before Birth: Prenatal Development
OBJ: 10.1 KEY: Concept/Applied
16. The cell mass that develops from the fertilized egg implants itself in the uterine wall during the ____ stage of prenatal development.
a. / fertilizationb. / fetal
c. / embryonic
d. / germinal
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Progress Before Birth: Prenatal Development
OBJ: 10.1 KEY: Factual
17. The structure that allows both oxygen and nutrients to pass into the fetus from the mother’s bloodstream and bodily wastes to pass out to the mother’s bloodstream is the
a. / uterine wall.b. / zygote.
c. / placenta.
d. / proximodistal organ.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Progress Before Birth: Prenatal Development
OBJ: 10.1 KEY: Factual
18. At the end of the ____ stage of prenatal development, the developing organism is about one inch long and has already developed most of the vital organs and bodily structures.
a. / germinalb. / embryonic
c. / zygote
d. / fetal
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Progress Before Birth: Prenatal Development
OBJ: 10.1 KEY: Factual
19. Which of the following does NOT occur during the final three months of prenatal development?
a. / Respiratory and digestive systems mature.b. / Sex organs start to develop.
c. / Brain cells multiply at a rapid rate.
d. / A layer of fat is deposited under the skin.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Progress Before Birth: Prenatal Development
OBJ: 10.1 KEY: Factual
20. Severe maternal malnutrition increases the risk of
a. / heart defects and irritability.b. / birth complications and neurological defects.
c. / mental retardation.
d. / delayed motor and mental development.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Progress Before Birth: Prenatal Development
OBJ: 10.2 KEY: Factual
21. Low birth weight has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of
a. / heart disease.b. / schizophrenia.
c. / mental retardation.
d. / delayed motor and mental development.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Progress Before Birth: Prenatal Development
OBJ: 10.2 KEY: Factual
22. If a baby is born with a small head, heart defects, and retarded mental and motor development, the mother is MOST likely to have
a. / had smallpox early in her pregnancy.b. / been an alcoholic.
c. / continued to work during pregnancy.
d. / smoked during pregnancy.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 83%
REF: Progress Before Birth: Prenatal Development OBJ: 10.2
KEY: Concept/Applied
23. The potential damage due to prenatal exposure to maternal illness is a function of
a. / when the mother contracts the disease.b. / the severity of the mother’s symptoms.
c. / the condition of the mother’s overall health.
d. / whether the unborn child is male or female.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Progress Before Birth: Prenatal Development
OBJ: 10.2 KEY: Factual
24. Sandy suffered from depression while she was pregnant. It is MOST likely that her child will later demonstrate
a. / mental retardation.b. / behavioral problems.
c. / antisocial personality traits.
d. / schizophrenia.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 91%
REF: Progress Before Birth: Prenatal Development OBJ: 10.2
KEY: Concept/Applied
25. Joyce was severely malnourished during her pregnancy. As a result, her baby is MOST likely to have
a. / malformations of the arms and legs.b. / a small head, heart defects, and irritability.
c. / attention deficit disorder and die from sudden infant death syndrome.
d. / complications at birth and neurological deficits.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Progress Before Birth: Prenatal Development
OBJ: 10.2 KEY: Concept/Applied
26. Which of the following is NOT associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy?
a. / increased risk of miscarriage or stillbirthb. / heart defects
c. / hyperactivity
d. / increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Progress Before Birth: Prenatal Development
OBJ: 10.2 KEY: Factual
27. When Fred’s mother was pregnant with him, she lived in an area with very high levels of air pollution. Based on research, Fred will be at increased risk for which of the following at age five?
a. / lung cancerb. / heart disease
c. / impaired cognitive development
d. / asthma
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Progress Before Birth: Prenatal Development
OBJ: 10.2 KEY: Concept/Applied
28. A diet rich in ______can reduce the risk of many birth defects.
a. / vitamin Ab. / folic acid
c. / omega 3 fatty acids
d. / teratogens
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Progress Before Birth: Prenatal Development
OBJ: 10.2 KEY: Factual
29. Which of the following is associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy?
a. / increased risk of microcephalyb. / heart defects
c. / conduct problems
d. / decreased risk of sudden infant death syndrome
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Progress Before Birth: Prenatal Development
OBJ: 10.2 KEY: Factual
30. New research into the process of motor development suggests that
a. / development gradually unfolds in a sequence of preprogrammed physical changes.b. / progress is attributed to infants’ experimentation and learning the consequences of their activities.
c. / motor development progresses as children gain control over their hips and legs and then their shoulders and arms.
d. / genetically programmed physical changes determine when a child crawls and walks.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: The Wondrous Years of Early Childhood
OBJ: 10.3 KEY: Concept/Applied
31. Developmental norms indicate
a. / the mean age at which individuals display behaviors and abilities.b. / the median age at which individuals display behaviors and abilities.
c. / the modal age at which individuals display behaviors and abilities.
d. / the exact age at which individuals display behaviors and abilities.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: The Wondrous Years of Early Childhood
OBJ: 10.3 KEY: Factual
32. The fact that children in different cultures ____ in the age at which basic motor skills appear demonstrates that ____.
a. / vary somewhat; genetic factors can slow or accelerate early motor developmentb. / vary somewhat; environmental factors can slow or accelerate early motor development
c. / do not vary; genetic factors alone determine early motor development
d. / do not vary; environmental factors alone determine early motor development
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 79%
REF: The Wondrous Years of Early Childhood OBJ: 10.3
KEY: Critical Thinking
33. Maturation is
a. / the age at which a baby can survive in the event of a premature birth.b. / the sequence of age-related changes that occur as a person progresses from conception to death.
c. / development that reflects experience and learning.
d. / development that reflects the gradual unfolding of one’s genetic blueprint.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: The Wondrous Years of Early Childhood
OBJ: 10.3 KEY: Factual
34. Cultural variations in the emergence of basic skills such as sitting and walking demonstrate that environmental factors
a. / do not affect early motor development.b. / can accelerate or slow early motor development.
c. / can accelerate early motor development.
d. / can slow early motor development.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: The Wondrous Years of Early Childhood
OBJ: 10.3 KEY: Factual
35. The close, emotional bond of affection between an infant and its caregiver is called
a. / attachment.b. / dependency.
c. / imprinting.
d. / identification.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Correct = 85%
REF: The Wondrous Years of Early Childhood OBJ: 10.4
KEY: Factual
36. According to behavioral theory, how do children develop special attachments to their mothers?
a. / The mother provides innate contact comfort to the infant.b. / The infant is biologically programmed to emit behavior that triggers a protective response from adult females.
c. / The mother becomes a conditioned reinforcer because she is associated with the reinforcing act of being fed.
d. / Maternal attachment behavior is the result of reproductive fitness.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: The Wondrous Years of Early Childhood
OBJ: 10.4 KEY: Concept/Applied
37. How do children develop special attachments to their mothers, according to John Bowlby?
a. / The mother provides innate contact comfort to the infant.b. / The infant is biologically programmed to emit behavior that triggers a protective response from adults.
c. / The mother becomes a conditioned reinforcer because she is associated with the reinforcing act of being fed.
d. / Maternal attachment behavior is the result of reproductive fitness.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: The Wondrous Years of Early Childhood