APES Miller 17th ed. Chapter 8 Questions

Aquatic Biodiversity

All answers must be HANDWRITTEN and use COMPLETE SENTENCES with AP level answers.

1.The core case study focuses on the coral reefs; identify and explain three ecological reasons on why coral reefs are important.

2.The oceans serve as carbon sinks. Identify and explain which feedback loop (positive or negative) is a result of rising ocean acidity in relationship to global warming.

3.What distinguishes the different aquatic life zones? Use a Venn Diagram to distinguish the different life zones.

4.Distinguish between the four different types of aquatic species and give an example of each.

5.Explain the role of the ocean in the biogeochemical cycle of Carbon.

6.Looking at Figure 8-5, which zone would have the greatest photosynthetic activity? Why? What type of aquatic species lives here?

7.Estuaries are some the most nutrient rich waters in the world. Identify and explain three functional roles that estuaries are involved in for aquatic ecosystems. *Be sure to discuss how estuaries play in role in output pollution control*

8.The open ocean is the largest contributor to NPP globally yet has low NPP overall. Explain this statement using the concept of up-wellings from Chapter 7. Name the ocean current that contributes to large amounts of up-wellings that when reversed cause El Niño.

9.Figure 8-12 shows major human impacts on marine ecosystems and the coral reefs. Using support from the text, which of these threats do you believe to be the most serious to 1) the marine ecosystems and 2) the coral reefs.

10.The Chesapeake Bay in the largest estuary in the United States. Discuss what is occurring in the bay as a result of point source pollution; what in particular is point source pollution leading to? Why is this a problem?

11.Use a Venn Diagram to show the advantages and disadvantages of attempted human correction of Chesapeake Bay.

12.Classify the three different types of lakes according to 1) nutrient content and 2) primary productivity.

13.Using figure 8-15 construct a food web containing 8 of the 10 species identified in the different zones. Based upon this figure, which zone contains the greatest amount of biodiversity?

14.How can cultural eutrophication change the natural state of the lake? What lake does cultural eutrophication lead to and what does this do to NPP?

15.Give three reasons (one economic, one ecological and one environmental) on why flood plains are important.

16.Discuss three reasons on why would humans chose to settle in the flood plains.

17.How could the rise of water by 1m (~3 feet) change how the human population is spread throughout the world? Use Figure 8-19 as a starting point for your argument.

18.Identify 4 major ways in which humans have degraded freshwater systems.

19.Explain the positive feedback loop of cultural eutrophication of freshwater systems.

20.Think back to the core case study regarding coral reefs. Identify and explain three possible solutions to restore the coral reefs to their original state using support from the text.