CHAPTER 13
TYPES AND APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
- Cite three reasons why ferrous alloys are used extensively as engineering materials, and also three of their major limitations.
- Define what is meant by a plain carbon steel, and cite three typical applications.
- Recognize the four digit AISI/SAE designation for both plain carbon and low alloy steels, and from such determine the carbon content.
- Name three other types of steels and for each cite compositional differences, distinctive properties, and typical uses.
- Specify the three classes of stainless steels.
- Cite two differences between cast irons and steels.
- Name the five major cast iron types, and for each type (a) draw and label a schematic diagram of the microstructure, and (b) note its general mechanical characteristics.
- Cite the distinguishing features for both wrought and cast alloys.
- Name seven different types of nonferrous alloys, and for each, cite its distinctive physical and mechanical characteristics, and, in addition, list at least three typical applications.
- List the three primary ingredients of a soda-lime glass.
- Cite the two prime assets of glass materials.
- Define crystallization in the sense that it applies to glass-ceramics.
- (a) Make a schematic sketch of an isothermal transformation diagram for the crystallization of a glass-ceramic. Be sure to label both axes.
(b) On this plot draw a cooling curve corresponding to the critical cooling rate.
- (a) Describe the process that is used to produce glass-ceramics.
(b) Note two properties of these materials that make them superior to glass.
- Name the two types of clay products, and then give two examples of each.
- For the refractory ceramics do the following:
(a) Cite three important requirements that normally must be met by this group of materials.
(b) For the four classifications discussed, cite the primary ingredients and typical applications.
- For the abrasive ceramics do the following:
(a) Cite three important requirements that normally must be met by this group of materials.
(b) Name four different ceramic materials that are commonly used as abrasives.
(c) Cite the three different forms of abrasives.
- Briefly describe the process by which portland cement is produced.
- Briefly explain the mechanism by which cement hardens when water is added.
- Briefly explain the role of cement in a concrete mix.
- List three advanced ceramics applications, and, for each, note its important characteristics and/or the function(s) it performs.
- Cite the seven different polymer application types, and, for each, note its general characteristics.
- Schematically sketch the structure of a silicone repeat unit.
- (a) Cite important properties that are normally required for polymers that are drawn into fibers.
(b) Note common applications for polymeric fibers.
- For each of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, the liquid crystal polymers, and the thermoplastic elastomers do the following:
(a) Describe salient structural characteristics;
(b) Cite critical and unique properties; and
(c) List at least four typical applications.