Ch 17 - CU Nanotech Manual 2007

ClemsonUniversityNanomaterialSafety

Tableof Contents

INTRODUCTION...... 1

Applicability and Scope...... 1

Purpose...... 1

Limitations...... 1

Background...... 1

CLEMSON UNIVERSITYPOLICY...... 2

ROUTINE LABORATORY OPERATIONS...... 2

WorkPlanning...... 2

Control Preferences...... 3

EngineeredControls...... 4

WorkAreaDesign...... 4

Ventilation...... 4

Administrative Controls...... 5

Chemical HygienePlan...... 5

Housekeeping...... 5

Work Practices...... 5

InventoryRequirements...... 5

Marking, Labelingand Signage...... 5

Clothing & Personal Protective Equipment...... 6

Monitoringand Characterization...... 6

WorkerCompetency...... 7

MEDICALSURVEILLANCE...... 7

TRANSPORTATIONOF NANOMATERIALS...... 7

Categories of Materials...... 7

Recognized HazMat...... 7

Suspected DOTHazMat...... 8

Other Nanomaterials...... 8

Off-siteShipments...... 8

Packaging...... 8

Labeling...... 8

DocumentationNotifications...... 9

Modes ofTransport...... 9

On-SiteTransfersof Nanomaterials...... 9

MANAGEMENTOF WASTECONTAININGMATERIALS...... 10

Applicability...... 10

ControlWaste generation...... 10

Classification and Disposal of NanomaterialbearingWasteStreams...... 10

MANAGEMENTOF NANOMATERIALSPILLS...... 11

AccessControl...... 11

Dry Materials...... 11

Liquids...... 11

Wastes...... 12

Introduction

ApplicabilityandScope

ThefollowinginterimprocedureisintendedusingengineerednanomaterialsatClemsonUniversity.

Itsetsforthpracticesformanagingenvironmental,safetyandhealthconcernsassociatedwith:

•“Engineered”ornaturallyoccurringnanomaterials,i.e.,materialsconsistingof,or containingstructuresbetween1-and100-nanometers(nm)attheirsmallestdimension,thatusethepropertiesuniquetonanoscaleformsofmaterials.

•Precursors,intermediates,andwastesusedduring,orresultingfromsynthesizingsuchnanomaterials.

Purpose

Thisdocumentwaspreparedasaninterimpolicyformanagingnanomaterialswhosehazardshavenotbeendetermined.

ThisdocumentisbasedontheBrookhavenLabNanotechManagementdocument,whichisinturnbasedonDOENanotechdocumentation.

Limitations

•Thefollowingguidelinesarenotintendedtodiscourageresponsibleeffortstodeveloporrefinealternativeapproachestoevaluatingandmanagingrisks.

•Anyguidancecontainedhereinthatconflictswithanyregulatoryrequirementsorconsensusstandards,themoreconservativeapproachwillbeused.

•Informationaboutthesafetyandhealtheffectscausedbynanomaterialsischangingrapidly;thisdocumentwillbeupdatedasnecessary.

Background

•Nanoscalematerialsareofconsiderablescientificinterestbecausesomematerialpropertieschangeatthisscale.However,thesechangesalsochallengeresearcher’s,manager’s,andsafetyprofessional’sunderstandingofhazards,andtheirabilitytoanticipate,recognize,evaluate,andcontrolpotentialhealth,safety,andenvironmentalrisks.

•Exposurestothesematerialsduringresearchanddevelopmentmayoccurthroughinhalation,dermalcontact,andingestion.Animalstudiesindicatethatlow-solubilityultrafineparticlesmightbemoretoxicthanlargeronesonamass-for-massbasis.Becauseoftheirtinysize,theycangetdeepintothelungsandmaybetranslocatedtootherorgansfollowingpathwaysnotdemonstratedbyperviousstudieswithlargerparticles.

•Thenanoparticulateformsofsomematerialsshowunusuallyhighreactivityespeciallyforfire,explosion,andincatalyticreactions.Nanometerparticlesandnanostructured

porousmaterialshavebeenusedeffectivelyformanyyearsascatalystsforincreasingtherateofreactions,ordecreasingthetemperatureneededforreactionsinliquidsandgases. Dependingontheircompositionandstructure,somenanomaterialsmayinitiatecatalyticreactionsthatwouldnototherwisebeanticipatedfromtheirchemicalcomposition.

•FederalOSHAhasmadeitclearthattheagencyexpectsthoseengagedintheemergingfieldofnanotechnologytoactresponsiblyinevaluatingandcontrollingtheassociatedenvironmental,healthandsafetyrisks.

•Althoughthereisalackofspecificguidanceonevaluatingandcontrollingtherisksposedbynanomaterials,preliminaryresearchsuggeststhatsomeofthecontrolsusedinconventionallaboratorysettingswillworkeffectivelyforthem.

•Lackingotherguidanceandrecognizingthebenefitstothemselves,theirsponsors,andtheirsharedusercommunity,ClemsonUniversitywillusethefollowingrelativelyconservativepoliciesandrisk-controlstrategiesuntilmoreauthoritativeguidanceisavailable.

ClemsonUniversityPolicy

•ClemsonUniversity,aspartofitseffortstodevelopstate-of-the-artcapabilitiesforfabricatingandstudyingnanoscalematerials,willendeavortoensurethatadequateHealthandSafetycontrolsareappliedduringthisresearchincludingtheapplicationofthispolicy.

•TheClemsonUniversityInstitutionalBiosafetyCommittee(IBC)willactasanadvisorybodytoEHSfortheimplementationofthispolicy.TheIBCwillreviewandmakerecommendationswherecompliancetothispolicycannotbereasonablyachievedand/oralternativeapproachesemployingequivalentlevelofsafetyareproposed.

•InconformancewiththegeneralprincipleintheNationalResearchCouncil’sPrudentPracticesforHandlingHazardousChemicalsinLaboratories,nanomaterialswillbetreatedasthoughtheyareatoxicandotherwisehazardousmaterialuntilempirical-basedevidenceshowsotherwise.

•Nanomaterialswhosehazardshavebeenstudiedshouldbemanagedinamannerconsistentwiththedisclosedrisks.

•Nanoparticlecontaminationofexhaustsystemsisnotpermitted;seeVentilation,below.

RoutineLaboratoryOperations

WorkPlanning

ReviewallplannedprojectsinvolvingnanomaterialsforHealthandSafetyconcerns.ThePIwillasaminimum:

•Developawell-defineddescriptionofthework,

•ConsultCUEHS,

•Specifyhazardcontrols,including(butnotlimitedto):

•Engineeredcontrols

•Designreviews

•Formalprocedures

•Useofpersonnelprotectiveequipment

•Training

•Otheradministrativecontrols

•Definedcriteriaforprotocol-changecontrol

•Reviewchemicalhazardinformationforbulk/rawmaterialswhendevelopingcontrols,andanynewinformationspecifictothematerialatthescalebeingused.

•EnsurethatEHSevaluatesthepotentialforgeneratingnanomaterialbearingwastestreamsbeforestartinganynewwork.

•HaveEHSevaluatelaboratoryequipmentandexhaustsystemsbeforeremoving,remodeling,servicing,maintaining,orrepairingthemtopreventtheexposureofmaintenancepersonneltothenanomaterials,ortheirescapeintotheenvironment.

•Reviewthehazardsofprecursormaterialsinevaluatingprocesshazards.

•Considerthehighreactivityofsomenanopowdersaspotentialfire-andexplosion-hazards.

ControlPreferences

1.Followagradedapproachinspecifyingcontrols.Operationsinvolvingeasilydisperseddrynanomaterialsdeservemoreattentionandmorestringentcontrolsthanthosewherethenanomaterialsareimbeddedinsolidorliquidmatrices.

2.Avoid manipulatingnanomaterialsintheopenairina“freeparticle”state. Preferably(1)keepthemboundinamatrix,(2)suspendedinaliquid,or(3)sealedinacontainer.Preferably,nanomaterialsshouldbekeptinthefollowingstates(inorderofpreference)wheneverpracticable:

1.Fixedinamatrix

2.Boundinasolution

3.FreeParticulate

3.Followthestandardhierarchyofhazardcontrolsfornanomaterials:

1.Engineeredcontrols

2.Administrativecontrols

3.Personalprotectiveequipment

4.Considerthehazardouspropertiesoftheprecursormaterialsaswellasthose(possiblyunknown)oftheresultingnanomolecularproduct.

5.PerformallmanipulationsoffreenanoparticulatesinaHEPA-filteredbagin/outpowered-exhaustchemicalhoodorglovebox. Ifnanoparticlesmustbehandledoutsidesuchahood,instituteotherappropriateengineeringcontrolsorwearappropriaterespiratoryprotectionandotherpersonalprotectiveequipment(PPE)asapprovedbyEHS..

EngineeredControls

WorkAreaDesign

•Considerthenecessityforimplementingadditionalprocedurestoensurethatworkersareprotectedinareaswheredispersiblenanomaterialsarehandled.Consideradditionalcontrolstobetterensurethatnanomaterialsarenotbroughtoutoftheworkareaonclothingorothersurfaces,e.g.,installstep-offpads,createabufferarea,andensuretheavailabilityofdecontaminationfacilitiesforworkers.

Ventilation

•Conductanyworkthatcouldgeneratedispersiblenanoparticlesinanenclosurethatoperatesatanegativepressuredifferentialcomparedtotheworker’sbreathingzone.Examplesofsuchenclosuresincludelaboratorybench-toporfloor-mountedchemicalhoodsandgloveboxes;thesemustbeHEPA-filteredbagin/outpowered-exhaustchemicalhoodsorgloveboxes.Iftheprocesscannotbeenclosed,thenanylocationatwhichnanomaterialorahazardousprecursorcanentertheatmosphereshouldbecontrolledusingotherappropriateengineeringcontrols.

•Donotdirectlyexhausteffluent(air)intothebuildingductingthatisreasonablysuspectedtocontainnanoparticles.Filteritorotherwisecleanitbeforerelease.HEPAfiltrationappearstobeadequate.Contaminationoftheexhaustsystemmustbepreventedinordertoprotectmaintenancepersonnel.Abagin/out HEPAfiltermustbeinplacebetweentheworkenclosureandthebuilding’sductwork.

•Donotrecirculatewithinthelaboratoryairfromwhichnanoparticleshavebeenremoved.Allairexhaustedfromanenclosure,partialenclosure,orprocessequipment(reactors,pumps,andfurnaces)thatmightreasonablybeexpectedtocontainnanoparticlesshouldbecleanedandthenexhaustedoutsidethebuilding.Equipmentcanbeplacedina

HEPA-filteredhood,oraHEPAfiltercanbeplacedintheequipment’sexhauststream.Alternatively,otherstrategies,suchasscrubbingorusingabubbler,maybeutilizedtotreatunreactedprecursorsandmayalsobeeffectiveinreducingnanomaterialemissions.

•Donotusehorizontallaminar-flowhoods(“cleanbench”)thatdirectaflowofHEPA-filteredairintotheuser’sfacetocontrolexposuretonanomaterials.

•TypeIorTypeIIbiologicalsafetycabinetsinwhichfreenanomaterialsarehandled,mustbeexhausteddirectlytotheexterior(hardducted)orthroughathimbleconnectionoverthecabinet’sexhaust.Airfrominsidethecabinet,eveniffiltered,maynotberecirculatedwithinthelaboratory.

•Maintainandtesttheeffectivenessofexhaustsystemsandcomponentsasspecifiedbythemanufacturer.Evaluateequipmentpreviouslyusedtosynthesizeorhandlenanoparticlesforcontaminationbeforereusingordisposingofit.

AdministrativeControls

ChemicalHygienePlan

•ImplementtheClemsonUniversitychemicalhygieneplan(asrequiredunder29CFR1910.1450).

Housekeeping

•Practicegoodhousekeepinginlaboratorieswherenanomaterialsarehandled.Cleanallworkingsurfacespotentiallycontaminatedwithnanoparticles(i.e.,benches,glassware,apparatus,exhausthoods,supportequipment)attheendofeachshiftusingaHEPAvacuumpickupand/orwetwipingmethods.Donotdrysweeporusecompressed air.DisposeofusedcleaningmaterialsinaccordancewithClemsonUniversity’sHazardousWasteManual(See“ManagementofWasteContainingNanomaterials”laterinthisdocument).

WorkPractices

•Transfernanomaterialssamplesbetweenworkstations(suchasexhausthoods,gloveboxes,furnaces)inclosed,labeledcontainers.

•Donotallownanoparticlesornanoparticlecontainingmaterialstocontacttheskin.

•Ifnanoparticlepowdersmustbehandledoutsideafume-orexhaustedlaminarflow- hood,useappropriaterespiratoryprotection.

•HandlenanomaterialbearingwasteaccordingtoClemson’sHazardousWasteManualandthe“ManagementofWasteContainingNanomaterials”sectionofthisdocument.

•VacuumdrynanoparticulatesonlyifthevacuumcleanerhasatestedandcertifiedHEPA filter.Wherepossiblematerialshouldbewettedpriortovacuuming.

InventoryRequirements

AllClemsonLaboratoriesarerequiredtohaveacompleteandup-to-dateinventoryofallhazardousmaterials(chemical,biological,andradiological),andtosubmitthistoEHSbothannuallyanduponrequest.

Marking,LabelingandSignage

•PostalldoorstolaboratorieswithsignageindicatingthehazardsandrequiredPersonalProtectiveEquipmentwithinthelaboratory.

•Indicateoncontainerlabelsthatthecontentsareinnanoparticulateform,e.g.,“nanoscalezincoxide”orotheridentifierinsteadofjust“zincoxide.”

ClothingPersonalProtectiveEquipment

•Wearappropriatepersonal-protectiveequipmentonaprecautionarybasiswheneverthefailureofasinglecontrol,includinganengineeredcontrol,couldentailasignificantriskofexposuretoresearchersorsupportpersonnel.

•Wearclothingappropriateforawet-chemistrylaboratoryaspertheClemsonChemicalHygienePlanincluding:

•Closed-toedshoesmadeofalowpermeabilitymaterial.(Disposableover-the-shoebootiesmaybenecessarytopreventtrackingnanomaterialsfromthelaboratory)

•Longpantswithoutcuffs/pockets

•Alongsleevedshirt

•Disposablelaboratorycoats.Thesecoatsshouldbehandledinaccordancewiththe“ManagementofWasteContainingMaterials”sectionofthisdocument.

Ifnon-disposablelaboratorycoatsarepreferred,theywillremaininthelaboratory/changeoutareawhennotworntopreventnanoparticlesfrombeingtransportedintocommonareas.Thecoatsshouldbeplacedinclosedbagsbeforebeingtakenoutofthelaboratoryforcleaninginacentralapprovedlocation.ContactEHSforapprovedlaundryfacilitylocationsonthemaincampusandresearchparks.

•Wearnitrilegloveswhenhandlingnanopowdersandnanoparticlesinliquids.

•Exposuretonanomaterialsisnotknowntohave“goodwarningproperties”soglovesshouldbechangedfrequently.

•Thecontaminatedglovesshouldbekeptinaclosedplasticbagintheworkareauntildisposal.ManagetheresultingwasteinaccordancewithSection6ofthisprocedure.

•Outerglovesmadeofothermaterial,suchascotton,maybeusedforprotectionwhenhandlingarticleswhereinthenanomaterialsareinboundform.

•Safetyglasses,and/orfaceshields,shouldbewornasappropriateforthelevelofhazard.Afaceshieldaloneisnotsufficientprotectionagainstunbounddrymaterials.

•Theappropriaterespiratorandcartridgecombination,basedonanIndustrialHygieneassessment,shouldbewornwhendeemednecessarybythesafetyassessment.Personnelshouldreceivemedicalclearancebeforebeingfittedwitharespirator;contactEHStoarrangemedicalclearanceandadmissiontotheRespiratoryProtectionProgram.Ifarespiratorisindicated,itshouldbeaminimumhalf-mask,P-100cartridge-typerespiratorthathasbeenproperlyfittedtotheworkerbytheClemsonIndustrialHygienist.

MonitoringandCharacterization

•InconsultationwithLaboratory’sSMEs,useadirect-readingparticlemeasuringdevicetoscreenforsuspectemissions.

•Usemoresophisticatedtechniques,tocollectsamplestocharacterizeemissionsanddetermineifacontrolisneededormustbeupgradedorserviced.

•LinkenvironmentaldatatopotentiallyexposedpersonnelusingtheLaboratory’sdata-managementsystem.

WorkerCompetency

•Donotassumethatstaffmembersandvisitingresearchersareawareofthehealthandsafetyconcernsposedbynanomaterials.AlertallpersonnelineachgrouptoconcernsandtotheLaboratorypoliciesaboutnanomaterialsviaanawareness-levelorientation.

•IncorporatespecificproceduralrequirementsintotheESRtobetterassureunderstandingandcompetence.

MedicalSurveillance

EHSrecommendsthePIcontacttheOccupationalMedicineNurse(OHN)todeterminetheadvisabilityof:

•Employeeswithjobsinvolvingthepotentialfor[or“reasonablyanticipated”]respiratoryorskinexposuretonanomaterialsundergoingmedicalsurveillance,asdefinedbyClemsonEHS.

•Theemployeesinvolvedinanyincidentthatresultsinanunexpectedand/orunusuallyhighexposuretonanomaterials,throughanyrouteofentry,shouldbeexaminedbytheOHN.

•Non-residentpersonnelshouldbeexemptedfrommedicalsurveillanceunlessrequestedbytheindividual.

TransportationofNanomaterials

TheguidanceunderthisheadingappliestothemovementofmaterialfromtheLaboratorytooff-sitelocations,andviceversa.Personnelwhoprepareandpackagenanomaterialsforshipmentoff-sitemusthavecurrentHazMatEmployeetrainingincompliancewith49CFRSubpartH.

CategoriesofMaterials

RecognizedHazMat

Anynanomaterialthatmeetsthedefinitionofahazardousmaterialaccordingto49CodeofFederalRegulations(CFR)Part171.8andcanbeclassifiedasahazardousmaterialinaccordancewith49CFR173.115through141and173.403through173.436mustbepackaged,marked,labeled,shippingpapersprepared,andshippedinaccordancewith49CFR100to185.

AnynanomaterialbeingshippedbyairthatmeetsthedefinitionofdangerousgoodsaccordingtotheInternationalCivilAviationOrganization(ICAO)mustbepackaged,marled,labeled,dangerousgoodsdeclarationprepared,andshippedinaccordancewiththeICAOtechnicalinstructions.

SuspectedDOTHazMat

Nanomaterialsthataresuspectedtobehazardous(e.g.,toxic,reactive,flammable)shouldbeclassified,labeled,marked,andmanifestedasthoughthathazardexistsinaccordancewiththe“RecognizedHazMat”sectionabove.Thesematerialsshouldbeshippedassamplesper49CFR172.101c(11)unlessthematerialisspecificallyprohibitedby173.21,173.54,173.56(d),173.56(e),173.224cor173.225(b).

OtherNanomaterials

NanomaterialsthatdonotmeettheDOT’scriterialistedinabovestillmayposehealthandsafetyissuestopersonnelhandlingthematerialduringitstransport.Therefore,allshipmentsofnanomaterials,regardlessofwhethertheymeetthedefinitionforhazardousmaterialsornot,shouldbeconsistentlypackagedusingtheequivalentofaDOT-certifiedPackingGroupI(PGI)containerandlabeledasdescribedbelow.

Off-siteShipments

TheinformationunderthisheadingappliestomaterialssenttoClemsonUniversity,andmaterialssentfromClemsonUniversitytooff-sitelocations.

Packaging

TheouterandinnerpackageshouldmeetthedefinitionofaPackageGroupI(PGI)typepackage.Theinnermostcontainershouldbetightlysealedtopreventleakageofnanomaterials.Itshouldhaveasecondaryseal,suchastapeseal,orawiretietopreventaremovableclosurefrominadvertentlyopeningduringtransport.

Theouterpackageshouldbefilledwithshockabsorbingmaterialthatcan

•Protecttheinnersamplecontainer(s)fromdamage

•Absorbliquidsthatmightleakfromtheinnercontainer(s)duringnormaleventsintransport.

Labeling

AsdepictedinFigure1,theinnerpackageshouldbelabeled(nottobeconfusedwithDOThazardlabeling)“Caution:NanomaterialsSampleConsistingof(technicaldescriptionhere).Contact(nameofpointofcontact)at(contactnumber)inCaseofContainerBreakage.”(seefigure1)

Figure1-RecommendedInnerPackagingLabel

DocumentationNotifications

DocumentationandnotificationsforOff-Sitetransferofnanomaterialsshouldincludethefollowing:

•AsignedandcompletedangerousgoodsdeclarationandshippingpaperspreparedinaccordancewiththeICAOandDOTregulationsbycertified/qualifiedhazmatemployeesthathaveauthoritytoshipmaterialsfromthelab(NOTstudents).

•Notificationtoreceivingfacilityoftheincomingshipment.

ModesofTransport

Alltransportationshouldbeperformedusingalowcost,qualifiedcarrier.Recommendedmodesforoff-siteshipmentofnanomaterialsinclude:

•FedEx,orothercertifiedhazardous-materialscarrier

•Roadway,UPSGround,orothercommercialLTL-certifiedhazardous-materialscarrier

•Dedicatedhighwayhazardous-materialscarriersforexclusive-useshipments.

On-SiteTransfersofNanomaterials

Theon-sitetransferofnanomaterialsshouldfollowtheChemicalHygienePlan.TheClemsonUniversityChemicalHygienististheauthorityhavingjurisdictionontherequirementsforpackaging,marking,anddocumentationnecessaryforon-sitetransfers.Fornanomaterials,thefollowingissuggested:

•Followingagradedapproachthattakesintoaccounttheformofthematerial(s)(e.g.,freeparticlevs.fixedonsubstrate),assessandrecordthehazardsposedbythematerial(s).

•Usepackagingconsistentwiththerecommendationsforoff-siteshipmentorpackagingthataffordsanequivalentlevelofsafety.

•Markthetransfercontainersinaccordancewith(above)recommendationsforoff-siteshipments.

•Includethefollowingdocumentsinthepackage:

•Theresultsofthesafetyassessment

•AnMSDSifavailable(orasimilarform)detailingpossiblehazardsassociatedwiththematerial;otherwise,ifanMSDSisunavailable,thePrincipalInvestigatorshouldsupplymaterial-specificknowledge.

•Notifythereceivingfacilityoftheincomingshipment.

•ManagementofNanomaterialbearingwastestreamsManagementofWasteContainingMaterialsApplicability

Thisappliesonlytonanomaterialbearingwastestreamsconsistingof:

•Purenanomaterials(e.g.carbonnanotubes)

•Itemscontaminatedwithnanomaterials(e.g.wipes/PPE)

•Liquidmatrixescontainingnanomaterials(e.g.hydrochloricacidcontainingcarbonnanotubes)

•Solidmatrixeswithnanomaterialslooselyembeddedorattachedtothesurfacesuchthattheycanreasonablybeexpectedtobreakfreeorleachoutwhenincontactwithairorwater,orwhensubjectedtoreasonablyforeseeablemechanicalforces.

Thisdoesnotapplytonanomaterialsembeddedinasolidmatrixthatcannotreasonablybeexpectedtobreakfreeorleachoutwhentheycontactairorwater.

ControlWastegeneration

•Considerreducingtheriskoflossofnanomaterialsintotheairandsurroundingenvironmentbysuspendingpowdersinasmallvolumeofanon-hazardousliquid.Balancetheaddedsafety,ifany, againsttherisksandcostsoftheincreasedvolumeofwaste.

•Donotdisposeofnanomaterialbearingwastestreamsdirectlyintothesanitarysystem.

•Evaluatesurfacecontaminationordecontaminateequipmentusedtomanufactureorhandlenanoparticlesbeforedisposingorreusingit.

ClassificationandDisposalofNanomaterialbearingWasteStreams

•Characterizenanomaterialbearingwastestreamsaseitherhazardousornon-hazardouswastebasedontherequirementsin40CFR261.10-38,consideringtheirknowncharacteristicsand/orlistingofthewaste.

•DisposeofnanomaterialbearingwastestreamsthatmeetthedefinitionofRCRAhazardouswastefollowingtheClemsonHazardousWasteManagementManual.

•DisposeofnanomaterialbearingwastestreamsthatareNOTclassifiedasRCRAhazardouswastethroughEHSasanon-hazardouswaste.Includeavailableinformationcharacterizingknownandsuspectproperties.

•DisposeofallnanomaterialwastesgeneratedthroughEHS.Donotpermitnanomaterialwastestobeshippedoff-sitefordisposalbyanyoneotherthanCUEHS.

•Packagenanomaterialbearingwastesincontainersthatarecompatiblewiththecontents,ingoodcondition,andthataffordadequatecontainmenttopreventtheescapeofthenanomaterials.

•Donotplacenanomaterialsintheregulartrash.

ManagementofNanomaterialSpills

Thisappliestotheresponse,controlandcleanupspecifictonanomaterialspills.

AccessControl

•Determinetheextentoftheareareasonablyexpectedtohavebeenaffected,anddemarcateitwithbarricadetapeoruseanotherreliablemeansofrestrictingentryintothearea.

•Tocleanupsignificantspills,contactEHStoevaluatewhetherornotCUFireandEMSneedtobecontacted,andrestrictentryintothearea.

•Tocleanupofsmallerspills,labpersonnelmustbetrainedintheappropriatecleanupprocedures.

DryMaterials

•Positionawalk-offmat(e.g.,Tacki-Mat)whereclean-uppersonnelwillexittheaccess-controlledarea.

•Donotdrysweepspilledaccumulationsofdrynanomaterials.UseonlyHEPA-filteredvacuumcleanerstocleanupnanoparticles.

•EnsurethatthefunctioningoftheHEPAfilterswasproperlytestedasfrequentlyasthemanufacturer’srecommends.HEPAvacuumsfornanomaterialsshouldbededicatedandlabeled“ForUsewithNanomaterialsOnly”.Used HEPAfiltersmustbeappropriatelycharacterized,collected,anddisposedofashazardousorpotentiallyhazardouswastebasedonthematerialinvolved.

Liquids

Employnormalhazmatresponsebasedonthespilledmaterial’sknownhazards.Thefollowingareadditionalconsiderationstomitigatenanomaterialsleftbehindoncetheliquidshavebeenremoved:

•Positionanabsorbentwalk-offmatwheretheclean-uppersonnelwillexittheaccesscontrolledarea.

•Placebarriersthatwillminimizeaircurrentsacrossthesurfaceaffectedbythespill.

•UseaHEPA-filteredvacuumdedicatedtotheclean-upofnanomaterials.

•Treatallmaterialsusedtocleanupthespill(absorbentmats,absorbentmaterial,wipesetc)ashazardouswastebasedonthematerialinvolved.

Wastes

•ManagealldebrisresultingfromthecleanupofaspillasthoughitcontainssufficientnanomaterialstobemanagedasHazardousWaste.