Ch.1, Lauren Delamielleure

Ch.1-5 Timeline

Ch.1, Lauren Delamielleure-

Vocab/People: The Columbian Exchange, Treaty of Tordesillas, The “Black Legend,” Christopher Columbus, the crusades, Marco Polo
Earliest Americans were hunters and gatherers; corn (maize)
Crusades exposed Western Europe to rest of world’s riches; ex: silk, jewels. Marco Polo travelled in order to find the easiest route to riches.
Portuguese developed caravel, spreading exploration to Africa.
Trading posts brought high amount of golf = American slave trade
Christopher Columbus searched to find more suitable route to Asia responsible for globalization of the rest of the world.
Columbian exchange- trade of thing between Western and Eastern hemispheres.
Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) divides the New World. East- Portuguese. West- Spanish.
God, gold, glory = three reasons for exploration
Black legend focused on negatives about Spanish experiences in New World. Exaggerates atrocities committed by the Spanish and downplays negatives.
There was intermarriage between Spanish and Native Americans and laws passed respecting Native American rights.
Spanish made Native Americans slaves, brought devastating diseases.
European influence grew Christianity on Native Americans.
Spanish had competition with Portugal.
Goods and slaves traded across Atlantic Ocean

Sarah Kronz (SK), Ryan Marra (RM), Erin Kirsche (EK)-

1517: Martin Luther nailed his protests to the door of Wittenberg’s cathedral, spurring the Protestant Reformation. (EK)

C. 1530: King Henry VIII breaks with Roman Catholic Church, which launches the English Protestant Reformation, and intensifies the rivalry with Catholic Spain. (SK)

1537: John Calvin established his doctrine preaching predestination. (EK)

1580: Francis Drake circumnavigated the globe. Later returns with ships loaded with gold and riches. Later the English Fleet defeated the Spanish Armada. (SK)
Late 1500s: an economic depression hits England, which causes many people to lose their homes. (SK)

1606: a joint-stock company, the Virginia Company of London, receives a charter from King James I of England for a settlement in the New World. The company lands in Jamestown on May 24, 1607. 1608, Captain John Smith took over the town and put the settlers in line. In 1609, out of the 400 settlers who came to Virginia, only 60 survived the "starving winter" from 1609-1610. (SK)
1608: First separatists left England for Holland to avoid persecution by King James I. (EK)

1610: Lord De La Warr reached Jamestown with supplies and military. He starts the First Anglo-Powhatan War when he raided and burned Native American villages. (SK)
1614: John Rolfe married Pocahontas, which ended the First Anglo-Powhatan War. (SK)
1619: self-government was made in Virginia. The London Company authorized the settlers to summon an assembly, known as the House of Burgesses.(SK)
1619: Slaves were first brought to Jamestown (Ch 4)
1620: Pilgrims arrived off of coast in New England, a haven they fled to in order to maintain both their religious freedom and British identity. Established Mayflower Compact while on board the mayflower. (EK)
1623: New Netherland was established by the Dutch West India Company for access to fur trade. (EK)
1624: King James I didn't trust the House of Burgesses, so he made Virginia a colony of England, directly under his control, also known as a royal colony. (SK)
1629: Non-separatist Puritans were able to secure a charter to establish Massachusetts Bay Company (EK)
1630: The tobacco industry took off in the South, starting its dependence on a single cash crop. (ch 4)

1634: Maryland colony founded by Lord Baltimore to reap financial benefits and create a safe-haven for Catholics (RM)

1635: Massachusetts Bay kicked Roger Williams out for new and dangerous opinions and he went to establish Rhode Island, the “sewer” (EK)

1636: Harvard established in Massachusetts, showing Northern emphasis on education in contrast with the establishment of Southern colleges (ch 4)

1638: Anne Hutchinson put on trial due to her assertion of antinomianism and was forced to leave Massachusetts Bay (EK)

1639: Connecticut was established and they drafted the Fundamental orders, elements of which were later borrowed to put into the nation’s Constitution.

C. 1640: A large system of slave labor began when plantation owners needed more vast and intensive labor in the West Indies. (RM)

1643: Massachusetts Bay, New Haven, Connecticut, and Plymouth banded together to form the New England Confederation (EK)
1644: The Native Americans were defeated (again) in the Second Anglo-Powhatan War. (SK)
1644: Rhode Island secures a charter from Parliament (EK)
1649: Maryland colony passes a religious statute that guarantees religious toleration to all Christians. This was knows as the Act of Toleration. (RM)

1661: Slave codes are adopted in Barbados to control a large and potentially resistive population. These were the first major slave codes in America. (RM)

1662: New Haven merged with Connecticut (EK)

1662: Puritans in New England announced the Halfway Covenant in an attempt to bolster dying church membership (ch 4)

1664: New Netherland became New York because England regarded them as intruders (EK)

1664: New Jersey founded by Quakers (EK)

1670: Carolina as a colony is established when King Charles II allowed his favorites, known as the Lord’s proprietors, to settle in the land south of Virginia. (RM)
1675: Metacom set up an alliance of intertribal unity against the spreading English settlement, starting King Phillip’s War (EK)
1676: Nathaniel Bacon led Bacon’s Rebellion in Virginia to protest Virginia’s favoring of the wealthy Easterners. (ch 4)
1679: The king made New Hampshire its own colony arbitrarily out of annoyance for Massachusetts Bay’s greed. (EK)
1681: Land grant secured by William Penn to establish a Quaker colony in Pennsylvania (EK)
1684: London authorities revoked Massachusetts Bay’s charter (EK)
By 1685, the English considered the Powhatan people to be extinct, as Disease was the biggest killer of Native Americans. (SK)
1686: Dominion of New England created by the crown to bolster colonial defense and tighten restrictions on American trade (EK)
1688: England went through the Glorious (Bloodless) Revolution, inspiring revolution and revolts, giving Massachusetts Bay’s charter back. (EK)
1692: The Salem Witch Trials in Massachusetts occur, reflecting economic tensions in Salem (ch 4)
1693: William and Mary is established as the first college in Virginia, showing how the South lags significantly behind the North in education advancements (ch 4)
1700s: Slave trade continued to grow along the Middle Passage- part of the Triangular Trade route (ch 4)

1712: North Carolina separates from South Carolina, as disagreements led to two different identities. (RM)

1733: Georgia is established as a colony as a buffer to protect other colonies from Spanish-controlled Florida. James Oglethorpe established it as a safe haven for debtors. (RM)

Ella

The First Great Awakening shifted religious views and free thought in Americas 1730s-1740s.
Vocabualary: Molasses Act 1733, Triangular Trade, John Edwards

Jewelia.M,Payton.R,Alyssa.G, Hailey APUSH Timeline 5th
1598- Edict of Nantes
This was a law enforced and made by France. It granted limited toleration
to French Protestants.
1608- Quebec Founded
Quebec was the first colony of “New France.” Samuel de Champlain was the
leading figure of New France. He was considered the “Father of New France.”
1643-Louis XIV becomes King of France
He was the royal figure that led the most feared nation at the time
(France).
1650: First Navigation Laws to control colonial commerce- efforts to put
the theory of mercantilism to actual practice. Beginning in 1650,
Parliament acted to combat the threat of the rapidly growing Dutch carrying
trade. Later laws were passed in 1651, 1660, 1662, 1663, 1670 and 1673.
Under the provisions of this legislation, trade with the colonies was to be
conducted only in English or colonial ships. Certain "enumerated" items
(such as sugar, tobacco and indigo < were to be shipped only
within the empire. Trade destined for nations outside the empire had to go
first to England.
1682- Robert de La Salle Explores
La Salle explores the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico. He named
the land he found as Louisiana in honor of Louis XIV.
1696: Board of Trade assumes governance of colonies- King William III
appointed eight paid commissioners to promote trade in the American
plantations and elsewhere. The Lords Commissioners of Trade and Foreign
Plantations, appointed in 1696 and commonly known as the Board of Trade,
did not constitute a committee of the Privy Council, but were, in fact,
members of a separate body. The board carried on this work but also had
long periods of inactivity, devolving into chaos after 1761 and abolished
in 1782 by an act of Parliament by the Rock
1689-1697: King William’s War
This war resulted from the clash of empires in North America between
France and Britain. Both sides recruited Native Americans as their allies.

Chapter 10Sam Turner and DJ Tindell

1789

Constitution put into effect

After the necessary number of state ratifications, the Constitution came into effect in 1789 and has served as the basis of the United States Government ever since.

Judiciary Act

It established the federaljudiciary of the United States.

1791

Bill of Rights adopted

Used as compromise to pass constitution into law

Bank of United States established

Idea of Alexander Hamilton, heavily opposed by Anti-federalists

1794

Whiskey Rebellion

Protest against Whiskey tax under the presidency of George Washington

1797

XYZ Affair

Diplomatic confrontation between the United States and France

1798

Alien and Sedition Acts

These acts increased the residency requirement for American citizenship from five to fourteen years, authorized the president to imprison or deport aliens considered "dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States" and restricted speech critical of the government

Vocab/People

George Washington, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, Whigs, John Adams, Democratic-Republicans, Federalists

Chapter 11Hayley DuMond and Carleigh Fox

Judiciary Act of 1801- this created new judgeships and appointments
Marbury v. Madison(1803)- Marshall gives supreme court power of judicial review
Louisiana Purchase (1803)
Aaron Burr kills Hamilton (1804)
Embargo Act of 1807- banned exports of all goods from US
Non-intercourse Act (1809)- reopened trade except Britain and France
Macon's Bill 1810- if Britain or France stopped economic sanctions trade could reopen
Battle of Tippecanoe 1811- Britain supports natives

Chapter 12

1812 - The War of1812 started. United States declares war on Britain.

1813 - Battle of Thames - General Harrison

1814 - Battle of Plattsburgh -Thomas Macdonough

1814 - Battle of Horseshoe bend

1814 - Treaty of Ghent - ended the War of 1812 and all territory taken during the war was returned -Tsar Alexander I of Russia,John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay

1814 - Hartford Convention -Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Islandmet in1814in Hartford, Connecticut for a secret meeting to discuss their disgust of the war and to redress their grievances.

1815 - Battle of New Orleans - Andrew Jackson

1816 - American System - Plan for developing a profitable U.S. economy.- Henry Clay

1817 -Rush-Bagot Agreement- Made between the U.S. and Britain and it limited the naval armament on the Great Lakes.

1818 -Angle-American Convention of 1818

1791-1819 - 8 states from the west joined the U.S.

1819 - Panic of 1819 - over-speculation

1819 - McCulloch vs. Maryland

1820 - Missouri Compromise -Congress forbade slavery in the remaining territories in the Louisiana Territory north of the line of 36° 30', except for Missouri.

1820 - Land Act of 1820 -Authorized a buyer to purchase 80 virgin acres at a minimum of $1.25 an acre.

1821 - Cohensvs.Virginia

1823 - Monroe Doctrine -President Monroe's warning to the European powers. - noncolonization; nonintervention

1824 - Gibbonsvs.Ogden

1824 - Russo-American Treaty -Russians retreated farther north into Alaska.

Esmy Torres & Gabriel Ribeiro
➢ 1794
• Thomas Paine-Age of Reason (shows the purpose of the church). Purpose of Church was to terrify and enslave mankind, monopolize power and profit
➢ 1800
• Second Great Awakening (SGA). Wave of religious fervor throughout US.
• Women are more involved.
• SGA Widened gap between social classes and regions.
• Different religions spread all throughout the country
• Slavery split the churches apart.
➢ 1820
• Emma Willard: helped establish school for women at the secondary level
• Dorothy Dix: As criminal codes were being softened she visited different asylums and had protests to improve conditions of mentally ill
• 1825: New Harmony=utopian community in Indiana founded by Robert Owen
• 1826: American Temperance Society (created because a lot of people were becoming alcoholics. The society persuaded people to stop drinking) à led to Maine Law of 1851(banned making and selling of liquor in Maine)
• 1828: American Peace Society formed (led by William Ladd. Pacifist group trying to promote national peace)
➢ 1830
• Joseph Smith formed Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons).
• Book of Mormon comes from golden plates Smith received from an angel.
• Transcendentalist movement: Transcendentalists believed knowledge transcends senses and comes from within a person }self-reliance, self-culture, self-discipline
➢ 1844-1848
• 1840s: Americans created more practical gadgets. Science became more important. Medicine improved
• 1844 Joseph Smith and brother murdered and the Mormon movement almost collapsed.
• 1846-47: Brigham Young led his oppressed Latter Day Saints through Utah. They settled there and many other Mormons followed
• 1848: Feminists met at Seneca Falls, NY in a Women’s Rights Convention to rewrite Declaration of Independence to include women
➢ 1825-1850
• Tax supported education
• Education became important
• Horace Mann: secretary of Massachusetts Board of Education. Wanted bettwe school experiences. Influenced many others to try to make education better
• Mid 18th century American Historians began to emerge
• Importance and popularity of literature increased
➢ 1857

• Many southern religions had split apart. The secession of the southern churches foreshadowed the secession of the southern states.
Church splits à political parties split àUnion splits

Lauren Burgess

Tariff of 1842: a protectionist tariff schedule adopted in the United States to reverse the effects of the Compromise Tariff of 1833. President John Tyler
1844: Texas and Oregon Country become leading issues in the presidential campaign. The Democrats were pro-expansion and supported the annexation of Texas, while the Whigs were against it.
Walker Tariff of 1846: a tariff-for-revenue bill that reduced the tariff from 32% to 25%. Robert J. Walker
January 13, 1846: Polk ordered 4,000 men under General Zachary Taylor to the Rio Grande.
May 9, 1846: Polk asked Congress to declare war on Mexico of the basis of unpaid claims and Slidell's rejection of the purchasing of California. Prior to this request, Mexican troops had already attacked American troops. War was subsequently declared.
September 1847: General Winfield Scott: succeeded in battling his way to Mexico City
February 2, 1848: Nicholas P. Trist: chief clerk of the State Department; signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
1840s and 1850s: Manifest Destiny spread across America. Many Americans felt that God had destined them to spread their democratic institutions over the entire continent and over South America as well. Democrats strongly supported the idea of Manifest Destiny.

Chapter 16: The South and Slavery Controversy Camryn Ellison (blake)

(1783-1860)

1793: Eli Whitney’s cotton gin transforms Southern Economy

1800: Gabriel Slave Rebellion in Virgina

1808: Congress outlaws slave trade, smuggling of ‘black ivory’ ended

1817: American colonization [focused on transporting blacks back to Africa]

1820: Missouri Compromise

1822: Vesey slave Rebellion in Charleston

Republic of Liberia Established in Africa

1831: Nat Turner Slave rebellion in Virginia, publishing of the Liberator, Virginia legislature debates slavery and emancipation

1831-1832: VA defeated numerous emancipation bills, nullification crisis of 1832

1833: British abolish slavery in West- Indies and the American Anti-Slavery Society is founded

1835: “Broadcloth Mob” attacks Garrison

1836: House of Represenatives passes “Gag Resolution”

1845: Douglass publishes ‘Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass’

1848: Free Soil Party Organized

Key terms: cotton gin, Missouri Compromise, Nat turner, The Liberator, Emancipation, Abolitionist, Gag Resolution, Frederick Douglass, Free-Soil party

Chapter 18: Renewing the Sectional Struggle Camryn Ellison

(1848-1854)

1848:

-Gold was discovered in California [the influx in people led to disease that overwhelmed the small California government]

-Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago ends Mexican War

Key Terms: popular sovereignty, Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago

1849:

-California drafted their own Constitution (excluding slavery) and applied to Congress for admission into the Union

Key Terms: California Gold Rush

1850:

-Southerners started to demand stricter fugitive-slave laws.

-Congressional Debate of 1850 was called to address the idea of California being admitted into the union

-Millard Fillman took presidency due to the sudden death of President Taylor

-Compromise of 1850 [California was admitted into a free state but the states of New York and Utah were open to popular sovereignty]

Key terms: Harriet Tubman, fugitive-slave law of 1850, Henry Clay, John Callhoun, Daniel Webster, Compromise of 1850

1852:

-Democratic Convention of 1852 in Baltimore [Franklin Pierce was chosen for Democratic party]
Key Terms: Whigs, Franklin Pierce, Winfield Scott,

-Ending of Whig Party

-Pierce defeats Scott for presidency

Key terms: Kansas Nebraska Act, Stephen A. Douglass

1853:

-Gasden Purchase from Mexico

1854:

-Commodore Perry opens Japan

-Kansas Nebraska Act

-Republican Party Organized

Chapter 19: Drifting Toward Disunion Kaelyn Hughes

(1854-1861)

1852: Harriet Beecher Stowe publishes Uncle Tom’s Cabin. (This opened up Northerners eyes to the harsh lives of slaves in the South)

1854: Kansas-Nebraska Act passed. (Resulted in the creation of the Republican Party)

Key Terms: Stephan Douglas, popular sovereignty

1856: Buchanan elected president./ Sumner beaten by Brooks in Senate Chamber. (Showed the high tension between the North and South)/ Brown’s Pottawatomie Creek Massacre. (Showed how far each side would go for their cause)

Key Terms: Charles Sumner, Pottawatomie Creek Massacre, John Brown, Bleeding Kansas

1856-1860: Bleeding Kansas. (A civil war between slave owners and abolitionists in the fight to decide if Kansas would be a free state or not)

Key Terms: New England Emigrant Aid Company, Shawnee Mission and Topeka, Lecompton Constitution

1857: Dred Scott decision. (States African-Americans were property not human and Congress did not have the power to outlaw slavery in territories regardless of what the People wanted)