Ch. 1 Data Storage – Part 1
BIT
• Bit (Binary Digit) = Basic unit of information, ______
. ______The smallest unit of information within the computer.
• The only thing a computer understands.
• Abbreviation: b
• Bit has one of two values:
– ______
– ______
• Bits are really only symbols.
• Used to display the one of two different, discrete states.
• Bits are used as:
– ______
• Numbers
• Text characters
• Images
• Sound
• Etc.
– ______
Boolean Operations
• Integrated Circuits (microchips) are used to store and manipulate (process) bits.
• This is done using Boolean operations (in honor of mathematician George Boole, 1815-1864).
• ______: An operation that manipulates one or more true/false values
• Specific operations
– AND
– OR
– XOR (exclusive or)
– NOT
• Using ______we can uses different sets of logic operations to store, add, subtract, and more complicated operations with bit.
• Truth tables (simple ones)
• ______ operation
– ______
– Kermit is a frog AND Miss Piggy is an actress
– Inputs to AND operation represent truth of falseness of the compund statement.
• Gate:
– A device that ______
– A device that produces the output of a Boolean operation when given the operation’s input values.
• Gates can be:
– Gears
– Relays
– Optic devices
– ______(microchips)
Boolean Operations – AND Gate
0 = FALSE
1 = TRUE
AND operation
• Both input values must be TRUE for output to be TRUE
Boolean Operations – OR Gate
0 = FALSE
1 = TRUE
_____ operation
· ______
Boolean Operations – XOR Gate
_____ operation
· ______
Boolean Operations – NOT Gate
_____ operation
· ______
· ______
Binary Math
• All digits start with _____
• A Base-n number system has n number of digits:
– Decimal: ______has ______
– Binary: ______has ______
– Hexadecimal: ______has ______
• The ______is always the number of ______
• Each of the following columns is n times the previous column (n = Base-n)
– Base 10: 10,000 1,000 100 10 1
– Base 2: 16 8 4 2 1
– Base 16: 65,536 4,096 256 16 1
Base 2 (Binary) Number System
Digits (2): ______
Binary Math - Addition
Half Adder Gate – Adding two bits
Flip-flop: A circuit built from gates that can store one bit, uses feedback.
A means of storing bits such as RAM
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