Marine Sciences Exam Review
***Underlined things are items that may not have been discussed in all three classes, so I put them on here and underline them. You will notice they are more statements. I am trying to make sure the same items are covered in all three classes.
The five principle oceans of the Earth are the:
The distinction between an “ocean” and a “sea” is that a sea:
What % of the water on earth is in an ocean?
Magellan and 1522 was significant to oceanography because:
What % of the earth is covered by water?
Who was the first to view hydrothermal vents?
What are primary reasons that early civilizations took to the seas?
The first accurate maps of the Hawaiian Islands are attributed to whom:
Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are limited in their use by:
This infamous pirate captured nine ships and threatened to burn down an entire town if they did not bring him a chest filled with medicines.
Who is the Greek God of the seas and ocean?
Which piece of equipment reached 3,000ft deep while protecting the humans from pressure?
label
Who was very strict about his sailors’ diet and required daily vitamin C to prevent Scurvy?
Name the flag that Blackbeard made famous.
Who is responsible for locating the Titanic?
Who invented modern scuba gear?
Who is now believed to be the first to sail to, land on, and map North America?
This ocean was recognized by the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000.
What is the name of the prehistoric continent that was in the Eyewitness Oceans video?
In the ocean depths, what process is the equivalent to Photosynthesis?
What did Boyle’s Law state and how does it relate to Oceanography?
Which ocean is actually getting wider each year?
Who originally supported piracy and sent ships to intercept gold and riches stolen from the Aztecs and Inca Indians?
Who invented compasses?
Who was financed by Spain and mapped the Caribbean?
Name the layers of the earth?
The earth originated 4.6 billion years ago, the oceans 4 billion years ago. Were the oceans always salty?
The inner core of the earth is made of what?
Bioluminescence is …
What are plankton?
Most primary productivity from the sea is from what organism?
Organisms that live in or on the bottom of the ocean are called
What is the energy source for chemosynthesis?
The most dominant and productive of the phytoplankton are diatoms
These cause harmful algae blooms known as “red tides”
*The kelp at Monterey Bay Aquarium is special because it is the only place to find real kelp in an aquarium. Why? Kelp grows too quickly to keep in most aquariums. Monterey prides itself on this fact. Discussed with some at aquarium.
*Reasons that mangroves are important to the environment is that they act as a buffer for storms and a nursery for young. Mangrove roots can be used in medicine. Not all found this in the computer lab prior to Thanksgiving.
Producers get their energy directly from where? Herbivores get their energy by eating ? Carnivores get their energy by eating ?
Intertidal Zone- bottom area between the high tide and low tide
Oceanic Zone- from the continental break to the deep waters of the ocean
Neritic Zone- water area between the low tide mark and the continental shelf
What is the average salinity of the oceans? What about Brine water?
What are some things that can make water denser?
Hot water rises, cold water sinks. This causes what?
Seasons occur because the earth moves in an elliptical path around the sun and it is tilted ….
Sketch, Label and Define a wave.
Tides are caused by….
What external feature on the shark easily reveals its gender?
Whales are warm blooded.
How do whales obtain the water in their diet? From the fish they eat
All continents fit together with the least number of overlaps and gaps when the continents are matched along margins at 2000 ft deep- this helped to prove continental drift and the existence of Pangaea.
Deep ocean trenches are associated with:
The Hawaiian Islands are located where the Pacific plate is over what a hotspot…not a plate boundary
The Eastern Pacific Rise is an example of a mid-ocean ridge that is no longer as active.
Passive continental margins are characterized by a continental shelf, continental slope and continental rise.
Characteristics of active continental margins include the shelf and slope but instead of a rise, there is a trench.
Directly seaward of the continental shelf is a more steeply sloping region called the: Continental slope (see diagram)
Which ocean is currently getting smaller in size?
Old lithosphere is destroyed in association with what area of the ocean?
New lithosphere is produced in association with what area of the ocean?
Male to female fish changes is called……
Which glacier has been retreating over a mile in just this century?
Who proposed the theory of Continental Drift? Sea Floor Spreading?
Know a guyot, atoll, seamount, etc… that make up the seafloor
Be able to name the plates on a plate map.
What are shark egg cases called?
What is unique about sharks? (multiple things)
What is ambergris? Isinglass? Carragennan?
What is Boyle’s law and how did the Cartesian diver show this concept?
Why was the Challenger expedition important (this is from a tan wkst and notes Ch 2 pg 27)
What is the tallest mountain on earth? The tallest mountain above sea level?
What is Robert Ballard known for?
Be able to label the following:
Make sure your shark, fish and squid diagrams are in your journal.
This is a broad cross-section of what may be on the exam. I will try to stick closely to the concepts covered in this review HOWEVER, anything that we did this semester is fair game. You will need to make sure your journal is all put together, stapled with no loose papers, and you will use it on your exam day. You will NOT be able to use anyone else’s journal or any photocopied notes or assignments. This must all be YOUR work.
You will turn in your journal at the end of the test and you may pick it up after exams.