B.Sc.in Radiation Therapy
Technology(BRTT)
ASSIGNMENTS
2010
BRTT/AS-1-4
1stYear
Centre for Paramedical Sciences
IndiraGandhiNationalOpenUniversity
MaidanGarhi,NewDelhi-110068
AsexplainedintheProgrammeGuide,thereare fourTutorMarked Assignments (TMA)andalltheseassignmentsarecompulsory.Pleasenotethatyouarerequiredtoscoreaminimumof 50%marksineachassignmentcomponent.Theassignmentscarryaweightageof30%markstowardsthe finalevaluationintheorycomponent.Submissionofrelatedassignmentsisapre-requisiteforappearing intheoryterm-endexaminationforrespectivepapers.Alltheassignmentsshouldbesubmittedbefore 31st May 2011.
Pleasetakenoteofthefollowingpointsbeforewritingyourassignments:
●Useonlyfoolscapsizepaperforwritingyourresponses.Onlyhandwrittenassignmentswillbe accepted.Typedorprintedcopiesofassignmentswillnotbeaccepted.
●Tieallthepagesafternumberingthemcarefully.
●Writethequestionnumberwitheachanswerandmarksallotted.
●Allthequestionsarecompulsory.
●Everyassignmentwillbeevaluatedoutofafullmarkof 100.Weightageisindicatedagainsteachquestion.
Suggestionsforwritinganassignment:
Readtheassignmentscarefully.Scanthroughthewholematerialofthecourse,answersmaybelinkedwithin theblocks/units.Drawaroughoutlineofyouranswerinyourownwords.Supportyouranswerfromyour clinicalexperience.Makealogicalorder.Thenwriteyouranswerneatlyandsubmit.Giveillustrationsand tableswherevernecessary.You mustkeepaXeroxcopyoftheanswersheetsforthefuturereference.Donot copyfromprintedcoursematerial.Answereachassignmentonseparatesheet.Onthefirstpageofthe assignmentresponsesheet,writethecoursecode,coursetitle,assignmentcode,nameofyourProgramme studycentre(PSC)anddateofsubmission.Yourrollnumber,nameandfulladdressshouldbementionedon thefirstpage.Thefirstpageofyourresponsesheetshouldlookliketheformatgiven.
CourseCode:...... EnrolmentNo......
CourseTitle: / ...... / Name: / ......AssignmentCode: / ...... / Address: / ......
PSC: / ...... / ......
DateofSubmission: / ...... / ......
PleasesubmittheassignmentstotheProgrammeIn-chargeoftheProgrammeStudyCentreallotted toyou.
COMMUNICATIVEENGLISH-001
ASSINGMENT1
Thisassignmenthas10questions.Answerallthequestions.
ProgrammeCode:BRTTCourseCode:BOS-001
AssignmentCode:BOS/AS1
MaximumMarks:100
LastdateofSubmission:31st May 2011
1.Readthepassagecarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestions.(15)
Kanpur is one of the big and important city of India. Unfortunately, it is also one of the dirtiest. The streets of the city remain covered with litter; the station remains filthy; the water supply is polluted and the sewers remain choked. Isn’t it the duty of all of us to keep our city clean?
First of all we all have a duty to dispose our rubbish in the proper way. This means that we must not throw our rubbish in the open or our street. We must take it to the rubbish dump set up by the Corporation in our area. Second we also must stop littering! Do you throw chocolate bar wrappers and empty cartons on your living room floor? Of course not! And you should not throw these things on the street or in to the gutter, also! When you go to a city park, do you want to step on a piece of glass? Of course not! But would you do that such a thing did not happen to you or any body? Have you ever thought about it?
If we want to live in a clean environment, we have to work together to make it possible. This weekend you have the chance to do that. Join us in our Cleaning up Operation on Sunday. And at the end of the day, you’ll see the difference! You needn’t bring any thing with you ; we will provide every thing you’ll need to help us clean up our city. If we do it more often, we shall all live in a clean city.
a)How should we dispose our rubbish?
b)What does the city corporation provide?
c)What do we all have to stop?
d)What is wrong with the drainage system?
e)What is the duty of each one of us towards our city?
2.Writeaparagraphon one ofthefollowingtopics(150–200 : words)(15)
a) Common Wealth Games
b) Importance of Optometry education in India
3.Writealetterapplyingforthejobof anoptometristin a privatehospital.(15) Or
Writealetterto your friend inviting him to attend a conference on optometry.
(10)
4. Write a referral letter to a general physician for a patient who has hypertensive retinopathy.
5)Fill in the blanks:(10)
A)With the right form of verb:
a)I………………….. an Indian (be).
b)We think that this…………………a very interesting story (be).
c)There …………………..fifty student in the class (be).
d)Rajeev…………………..not speak English well ( do, does).
e)She ……………………..many employees working for her (has, have).
B)With the correct article (a, an, the):
a)…………….apple is ………fruit.
b)I shall be back in half ……………hour.
c)This is …………best book on English grammar.
d)Shrilanka is …………..Island.
e)Buildings all over………..world are very much ……….same.
6)Change the following into passive voice: (10)
a)Who built this house?
b)The boys painted the gate, red.
c)We can solve this problem.
d)Akash opened the door.
e)The cat killed the mouse.
f)I have sold my jewelry.
g)The teacher will punish him.
h)Peon cleans this table every day.
i)Rahul has written this book.
j)They sell all variety of garments in this market.
7) There are many words that end in ( -cate) . The list has been started for you .Look at the clue to solve the rest. (5)
(Vacate, indicate, reciprocate, masticate, lubricate, educate, dedicate, suffocate, duplicate, complicate)
a) masticate : to chew
b) : to teach
c) : to leave a place or position
d) : to have difficulty in breathing
e) : to show some thing by pointing
f) : to devote one self to a good cause
g) : to put oil and grease on or in a machine to make it run smoothly
h) : to make something more difficult to do
i) : to make exact copy of some thing
j) : to give and receive something in return
8)Read the passage below and fill in the blanks with the correct preposition (10)
Here are some preposition for your help: in, on, at, during, for, about, by.
Kanta is a nurse …………..1) a Mumbai hospital. She lives……………..2) Vashi and has to take a train to go to work. The journey take over an hour…………….3) which Kanta usually sleeps and reads. For once……………….4) the hospital, she hardly has any time to rest and has to be ……………5) her toes. But Kanta enjoys her work and does not mind. Of course certain days are very taxing even …………..6) her. She feels that the best time …………….7) the day is lunch break. Then she and her colleagues relax and talk ……………..8) their work…………….9) the time she reaches home is quite late, yet Kanta manage to by fruits and vegetables……………10) her way back. Doctors……………..11) the hospital know how invaluable she is and like and respect her. Her patients love her dearly, through she is quite strict……………….12) them …………..13) times. “I can’t think of another job that is more satisfying,” says Kanta and you can’t but agree.
9)Write the questions for the following answers starting with (who).(5)
a) We came by train
b) The accident happened at midnight
c) It is very hot here, during the day time.
d) The shop close at 7 o’clock.
e) I study in the central school.
10.Match the following. (5)
Column (A) Column (B)
a)Willed i) complete change
b)Assignable ii) adaptability to change so as to be suitable
for different conditions
c) Transformation iii) made by power of mind
d) Adaptability iv) completely destructive
e) Devastating v) which can be fixed
COMMUNICATIVEENGLISH-001
ASSINGMENT2
ProgrammeCode:BRTT
CourseCode:BOS-001
AssignmentCode:BOS/AS2
MaximumMarks:100
Last date of submission: 31st May 2011
Thisassignmenthas10questions.Answerallthequestions.
1. Look at the steps involved in the working of a modern sewage treatment plant and make a flow chart of a modern sewage treatment work. (15)
The industrial waste and domestic sewage is pretreated together. The first step is the mechanical screening of solids and its separation in to solid waste and effluents. The solids are further separated for primary and secondary sludge. The effluents or soluble fraction is then aerated for aerobic digestion by microbes, which is once again screened for solids. This effluent or soluble fraction is once again filtered and separated for nitrates and phosphates so that the clear water could be discharge.
The second sludge, which is produced after first mechanical screening, is simultaneously processed for anaerobic digestion by microbes, after which the hydrogen, methane and carbon dioxide are separated. The water content is discharged while the solids of the digested sludge are used as fertilizers.
Another alternative to the aerobic and anaerobic digestion by microbes is the trickling to filter activated sludge oxidation ponds and biological fluidized bed.
2. Two friends are planning a picnic. Write a brief conversation in about 100 words.
Begin: ‘Manoj, we must leave home by 6 in the morning.’ . (15)
3.Make the summary of the passage. (15)
REGIONAL AND SOCIAL VARITIES
The fact that people who speak the same language often do not speak the same way is obvious to us all .,but how many of us can identify different language ?as an example, let consider regional and social varieties of language.
People from different region within an area that shares a common language have different accents, and they often use different vocabulary and slang. These differences are known as regional varieties because they are based solely on geography distinctions, furthermore, since people expect regional variations within a country, this language usually does not lead to social discrimination.
While languages vary from area to area, there are different varieties to be found within one area as well. Consider, for example, two people from Boston. one of them says, "I don't have any money," and the second one says," I am not got money." these ate varieties of the same language, but they are not based on geography. They are sometime caused by differences in social class and degree of education; as a result ,they are known as social varieties, unlike speakers of regional varieties, speakers of social dialects often suffer from social discrimination.
Regional and social varieties exist in almost every major language, and they are only two of the almost unlimited forms which a language can have.
4. Makenotesofthefollowingpassage (15)
Every time a child a takes a soft drink, he’s laying the ground work for a dangerous bone disease. No, fizzy and sugary drinks don’t cause osteoporosis. But, because they are often substituting for a glass of milk, kids are not getting the calcium and vitamin D they need to build a strong skeleton. Many of them also lead a sedentary lifestyle, so they aren’t getting the bone building benefits for vigorous exercise either. These children aren’t just in jeopardy for brittle bones and fractures decades down the road. They could be at a risk of osteoporosis at a younger age than ever before.
The Indian Society for Bone and Mineral Research, a body of osteoporosis expert’s id trying to spread awareness about this bone crippling disease. Osteoporosis stars in childhood but has consequences later in life. The condition causes bones to become riddled with holes, Like the framework of a house that’s been attacked by termites. That can lead to broken bones die within a year. Osteoporosis isn’t just your grandmother’s health threat. Although it strikes over 50 million women in India, it also menaces over 12 million men. Osteoporosis causes loss of height, pain in joints and back, fractures and a fear of fractures, and can be very depressing. So it is important that we adopt preventive measures, to save millions of people.
There is new medical understanding of the best ways to protect ourselves and our children. “Simple lifestyle changes and nutrition will help save your bones,” says Dr. Mittal to get us moving in the right direction, he says, “it’s never too late to adopt bone-friendly habits – exercise, get enough sunlight, and have adequate calcium. This way, can keep our bones healthy and prevent osteoporosis.”
5.Youhavetopresentapaperinaseminar.Writeaseminartalkonthetopic“contributionof education in the development of country” (10)
6. Write in 100 words the basic skills in effective communication. (10)
7.a)Givemeaningofthewordsusedinconversation(5)
‘Predict’
‘Retention’
b)‘NeitherInormyassistantISavailable.’
‘Neithercatsnordo teenagersturntheirheadswhenyoucallthem.’Make2similarsentencesusing
‘Neither-nor’
8.Writedown the component of speech. And enlisted the principles of effective speech/ efficiency. (5)
9.Fill in the blanks with correct adjective from the brackets:(5)
a)Everest is the ……………… mountain peak in the world. ( high/ highest)
b)The cheetah is ………………. than any other animal. (faster/ fast)
c) He is ………………. of the two. ( stronger/strongest)
d) He is ……………….but his friend is better. ( good/best)
e) This is the……………….of the three routes. (short/shortest)
10. Shorten the following sentences. (5)
a) At about the age of four the school life of a child begins
b) Heart diseases cause half a million deaths in a year in the UnitedState of America
c) For example, water covers seventy one percent of the earth’s surface.
d) Two important diseases caused by the deficiency of vitamin A are Xerophthalmia and night
Blindness.
e) Road conditions also contribute to higher fuel consumption and this increase pollution.
c)SirCharlieChaplindirectedandactedinTheGreatDictator,oneofthemosthilariousfilmsinthe
20thcentury,thatequallymockstheGermandictatorAdolphHitlerandItaliandictatorBenito
Mussolini.
BASICHUMANSCIENCES-003
Assignment-3 (Block1-Anatomy)
ProgrammeCode:BRTTCourseCode:BOS-003
AssignmentCode:BOS/AS3
MaximumMarks:50
LastdateofSubmission: 31st May 2011
Thisassignmenthastenquestions.Answerallthequestions.EachQuestioncarriesfivemarks.
1.Enlist the various types of tissues. Describe the nervous tissue and muscular tissue with the help of suitable diagrams.
2.Describe the composition of blood in detail.
3.Draw a well labeled diagram of digestive system.
- Enlistthevarious cranial nerves and describe the function of each. nerve.
5.Describethestructure of thyroid glandwiththehelpofsuitablediagrams.
6.Describe the structure of skin and draw a well labeled diagram.
7.Describe the various types of joints and draw diagrams wherever necessary.
8.Draw a well labeled diagram of the excretorysystem.
- Enlist the organs of male reproductive system. Draw a well labeled diagram of sperm.
10. Describe the bones of pelvic girdle and lower limb.
BASICHUMANSCIENCES-003
Assignment-4
(Block2, 5-HumanPhysiologyBiochemistry)
ProgrammeCode:BRTTCourseCode:B0S-003
AssignmentCode:B0S/AS4
MaximumMarks:50
LastdateofSubmission: 31st May 2011
Thisassignmenthastenquestions.Answerallthequestions.EachQuestioncarriesfivemarks.
1)Describe various transport processes of the cell.
2)Describethe stages of cell division in Mitosis with the help of diagram.
3)Write short notes on
a) Properties of muscular tissue
b) Coagulation of blood
4)Write short note on
a) Cardiac out put
b) Blood Groups
5)Describe the secretions of pituitary gland and their functions.
6)Describethemechanism of respiration.
7)Describe various digestive juices and their functions.
8)Describethe various types of enzymes in detail.
9)Describe the composition and function of carbohydrates.
10)Write short note on
a)Compounds and mixtures
b)Uses of water
BASICHUMANSCIENCES-003
Assignment-5
(Block3-GeneralPathologyandMicrobiology)
Programme Code:BRTTCourseCode:BOS-003
AssignmentCode:BOS/AS5
MaximumMarks:50
LastdateofSubmission: 31st May 2011
Thisassignmenthastenquestions.Answerallthequestions.EachQuestioncarriesfivemarks.
1.Differentiate between the gram positive and gram negativeBacteria. Draw diagram wherever necessary.
2.Write short note on
a) Normal flora of various body parts
b) Basis of antimicrobial action.
3.Describe the structure of a virus. Differentiate between RNA virus and DNA virus.
4.Write short note on
a) Multiplication of virus.
b) Genetic changes in viruses.
5.Describe the clinical classification of fungi. How will you diagnose the presence of fungal infections?
6.Define inflammation and describe the types of inflammation.
7.Write short note on
a) Signs of acute inflammation
b) Dysplasia
8.Describe various pathologicalchangesinGraves’s disease and Diabetes mellitus.
9.Describe Arteriosclerosis in detail.
10. Write short note on
a) Tuberculosis
b) Gastric carcinoma
BASICHUMANSCIENCES-003
Assignment-6
(Block4-Pharmacology)
ProgrammeCode:BRTT
CourseCode:BOS-003
AssignmentCode:BOS/AS6
MaximumMarks:50
LastdateofSubmission: 31st May 2011
Thisassignmenthastenquestions.Answerallthequestions.EachQuestioncarriesfivemarks.
1.Describe the various routes of drug administration.
2.Name the processes involved in pharmacokinetics and drug distribution in detail.
3.Describe cholinergic drugs.
4.Write short note on
a) Sedatives and hypnotics
b) Adrenergic agents
5.Describe the drugs used in Bronchial asthma.
6.Describe the uses and side effects of diuretics.
7. Classify the antiallergic agents. Describe each category in brief..
8.Describe the different antibacterial agents in detail..
9.Describe the local anesthetic agents.
10. Write short note on
a) Amphotericine - B
b) Acyclovir
BAHI-031
ASSIGNMENTS-3
(Basics of Radiological Physics)
Programme Code: BRTT
Course Code: BAHI-031
Assignments Code: BAHI/AS3
Maximum Marks: 100
Last date of Submission: 31st May 2011
Part-A
Answer all the questions. Each question carries 5 marks.(60)
- Define Longitudinal and Transverse Waves with examples.
- Briefly discuss Transmission of Heat
- Define direct proportion and its properties with examples
- Describe the features of Exponential Law
- Briefly discuss working and uses of DC Generator.
- Write in brief about Kirchoff’s current law and Kirchoff’s Voltage Law
- Explain Lorentz Force
- Write the disadvantages of a self Rectified Circuit.
- Explain in detail about Electromagnetic Radiation Spectrum.
- Enumerate the general properties of X-Ray and Gamma Rays
- Describe briefly the units of Radiation measurement and the devices for Radiation measurement
- Enumerate basic characters of Dosimeter. Briefly discuss the categories of Dosimeter.
Part-B
Write short notes on following. Each question carries 2.5 marks(40)
a)Bremsstrahlung
b)Anode
c)Natural Radioactivity and Decay Series
d)Half Value Layer (HVL)
e)Electrometers
f)Principle of Thermoluminescent Dosimeters
g)TLD Badge
h)Radiation Protective Material
i)AERB (Atomic Energy Regulatory Board)
j)Radiochromic film
k)Photo disintegration
l)Filters
m)Filament
n)Construction of Transformer
o)Ampere’s Law
p)Ohm’s Law
BAHI-032
ASSIGNMENTS-4
(Radiographic Imaging)
Programme Code: BRTT
Course Code: BAHI-032
Assignments Code: BAHI/AS4
Maximum Marks: 100
Last date of Submission:31st May 2011
Answer all the questions. Each question carries 5 marks.
- Write down the photographic principles of Image formation.
- Explain application of Fluorescence in Radiography
- Describe the application of screens in radiographic imaging
- Describe the types of illumination of Dark Room.
- Criteria of the radiographic darkroom/ write a short note on arrangements of equipments in Dark room?
- Enumerate the functions and properties of fixer.
- What is film processing? Describe the steps of film processing.
- Explain general construction of a Manual Processor Unit with a labelled diagram.
- Explain types and causes of Image Artifacts.
- Describe various methods of Silver Recovery.
- Compare between steel wool method and electrolyte method of silver recovery
- Name the artifacts produced by CR System and describe any one of them.
- Describe the procedures required for the care and maintenance of CR Imaging System
- Describe how the image is formed in direct and indirect DR Systems
- Discuss the properties of Scintillator.
- Explain the construction and working of a Scintillation detector
17. Write short note on:
a)Adherographic
b)Xenon gas ion chambers
18. Write short note on:
a)Anti-Abrasive Supercoat
b)Phosphorescence
19. Write short note on:
a)Activators
b)Mounting of intensifying screens
20. Write short note on:
a)Criteria for a good cassette
b)Digitization