CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION NOTES
Cell Theory
1. All living things______
2. Cells are the ______.
3. Cells are produced ______
All Living things have cells
a. Unicellular ______
b. Multicellular ______
Types of Cells
a. Prokaryote: ______
i. Always ______
ii. Lacks ______
iii. Few ______
iv. Bacteria are the only group of organisms that are prokaryote.
b. Eukaryote: ______
v. Are unicellular or Multicellular.
vi. Has many ______
vii. Has specialized ______
Ex. ______
viii. All other living things.
Ex. ______
Cell Organelles
a. “Little” organs with specific jobs in the cell.
In the following table is a sample analogy for the cell: The Cell is Like a Cell Phone Factory
The Differences (at the end of ppt)
Animal
Shape ______
Organelles:
a. ______
b. ______
Plant
Shape ______
Organelles:
a. ______
b. ______
c. ______
Organelle(Plant/Animal/Both) / Organelle Function / Organelle Facts / Sample Analogy / Organelle Image
Cell Membrane /
Cytoplasm /
Nucleus /
Chromatin /
Ribosome /
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth/ Rough /
Organelle
(Plant/Animal/Both) / Organelle Function / Organelle Facts / Sample Analogy / Organelle Image
Golgi Apparatus /
Mitochondria /
Lysosomes /
Centriole /
Chloroplasts /
Cell wall /
Central Vacuole
or Vacuoles /
Vesicle /
CELL ENERGY NOTES: PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION
• All nutrients must be broken down to ______
• Breakdown of nutrients to glucose occurs by ______.
Photosynthesis:
WHERE: ______
WHO: ______
WHY: ______
WHEN: ______
Two Reactions happen in photosynthesis:
Light Dependent Reactions:
1. Light is absorbed by ______
2. Light splits water into ______
3. Energy from this split is used to make______
Dark Reactions- Calvin Cycle
Steps
1. Energy from ATP used to make ______(______) from ______and ______
2. Oxygen is ______
Photosynthesis Equation:
______+ ______+ ______→ ______+ ______
Cellular Respiration:
WHERE: ______
WHO: ______
WHY: ______
The Equation:
______+ ______→ ______+ ______+ ______
carbon dioxide & water are “leftovers”
Two Types of Cellular Respiration:
Aerobic
•
§ Three Steps
Anaerobic
“Fermentation”
– (ok for small things)
It’s a 3 STEP PROCESS
Why:______!
• Glycolysis: Happens in the ______to break down ______
– All living things do ______
• Krebs Cycle: In the______, makes ______(not efficient)
• Electron Transport: In the mitochondria, makes ______of ATP
ATP- Adenosine Triphosphate
The Big Picture:
• All nutrients must be broken down to ______
• ______must be converted to ______
ANALOGY:
ATP continued:
• The main ______molecule used by organisms
• Energy is Stored in the ______
– ______a bond ______energy
• ATP→ADP
– ______a bond ______energy
• ADP→ ATP
Cellular Energy in the form of ATP gets used to drive cell processes
EX: Cell Division
Cell Transport
CELL TRANSPORT NOTES
Several items make Cell Transport possible
1. The ______( ______)
2. A ______
3. Selective Permeability
4. Membrane Bound ______
Selective Permeability:
· A property of biological membranes that allows ______substances to cross the ______more easily than others.
Concentration Gradient:
· The ______in the amount of solution on each side of a ______.
The Phospholipid
· Head:
· Tail:
i. Hydro: Water
ii. Philia: Love
iii. Phobia: Hates
· Heads ______, tails ______...the membrane forms a ______
Types of Cellular Transport
Passive Transport
– Diffusion
– Facilitated Diffusion
• Need Channel Proteins
• No ATP
Active Transport
• Needs Carrier Proteins
• Requires ATP
• Endocytosis
• Exocytosis
I. Passive Transport
a. Diffusion: The tendency of a substance to move from an area of ______to an area of ______across a ______in which the cell expends ______.
b. Facilitated Diffusion: The process of transporting ______by ______during ______requires ______output.
· Needs:
II. Active Transport
· Needs:
Transport of molecules ______a ______(from ______to ______) using ______in the cell membrane and ______from ______.
a. Exocytosis: The release of materials ______Ex______.
b. Endocytosis: The taking of materials ______Ex______.
How does that look in a cell?
A.
B.
C.
Exocytosis: The ______of materials ______(pooping)
Endocytosis: The ______of materials from ______(eating)
Cell Size and Diffusion
· Cells must remain ______to ______diffusion.
· The ______a cells volume becomes the ______efficient it becomes.
a. Prokaryotes –
b. Animal Cells (Eukaryotic) –
· Surface Area of cells must be ______larger than its size (______).
Solutions and Cells
o Solvent:
o Solute:
o Solution:
Simple Rule: Salt Sucks!
· When salt is ______or ______the cell, it ______water in its direction.
o ______thing applies for ______other ______
Solutions and Cells
· All solutions want to be ______on ______sides of the ______, for ______.
· Substances ______in solution have special vocabulary to describe them.
· Hypertonic:
o The conc. of solute ______the cell is ______than the conc. ______.
o The solution ______is ______.
o ______of the cell until ______is reached.
§ The cell will ______and ______mass.
· Hypotonic:
o The conc. of solute ______the cell is ______than the conc. ______.
o The solution ______is ______.
o ______in the cell until ______is reached.
§ The cell will ______and ______mass
· Isotonic:
§ The conc. of solute ______and ______are ______.
§ The solution ______.
§ Water diffuses ______and ______at ______rates.
· ______net change in ______or ______.