Cell Organelle Chart

Name / Prokaryotic/ Plant/Animal /

Description

/

Function

Cell Membrane / Pro, A, P /
  • Flexible boundary that surrounds the cell
  • Bi-layer of proteins & lipids
/
  • Separates the cell from outside environment
  • Selectively permeable

Cell Wall / Pro, P /
  • Rigid Structure outside plasma memb
  • Made of cellulose
/
  • Additional support, protection
  • Gives cell its shape

Nucleus / A, P /
  • Contains DNA (directions to make proteins)
/
  • Controls the cell activities

Nuclear membrane/ Envelope / A, P /
  • Double memb layer that surrounds nucleus
/
  • Allows material to move into & out of Nucleus (RNA pass through pores)

Nuclear Pores / A, P /
  • 1000s of pores in nuclear envelope
/
  • Allow material to move into & out of Nucleus

Chromatin / A, P /
  • Granular material within nucleus
  • DNA bound to protein
/
  • Condenses to form chromosome at the time of cell division

Chromosome / A, P /
  • Distinct threadlike
  • Contains genetic info
/
  • Blueprint - controls cell activity
  • Pass on genetic info to next generation

Nucleolus / A, P /
  • Small dense region in nucleus
/
  • Assembly of ribosomes take place here

Cytoplasm / Pro, A, P /
  • Clear Gelatinous(jelly) fluid inside the cell
/
  • Chemical reactions take place here

Cytoskeleton / A, P /
  • Network of protein filaments
/
  • Helps the cell to maintain its shape & 3 D structure
  • Cell movement

Cilia/
Flagella / A /
  • Short/long projections of microtubules
/
  • Cell Movement

Microtubule / A, P /
  • Hollow tubes of protein
/
  • Maintain cell shape
  • Form cilia/flagella
  • Separate chromosomes in cell division

Microfilament / A, P /
  • Long thin fibers
/
  • Maintain cell shape
  • Cell movement & support

Ribosome / Pro, A, P /
  • Tiny , abundant
  • Made of RNA & Protein
/
  • Site of protein synthesis

Endoplasmic Reticulum / A, P /
  • Highly folded memb in cytoplasm
  1. Rough E.R. (ribosome)
  2. Smooth E.R. (no ribosomes)
/
  • Connects membrane
  • Moves material
  • Process protein
  • Smooth E.R. – production & storage of carbs & lipid

Golgi Apparatus / A, P /
  • Flattened stack of tubular memb
  • Found near cell memb
/
  • Sorts & packs protein into vesicle & transports them

Lysosome / A /
  • Contains digestive enzymes
/
  • Digests food, bacteria, worn out organelle

Vacuole / P, A (small or none) /
  • Sac (membrane bound)
/
  • Stores food, enzyme, and other material
  • Support

Mitochondrion / A, P /
  • Double membrane bound organelle
/
  • Power house of cell – produces energy for growth, development, and movement

Centrioles/ Basal bodies / A /
  • Small structure outside nucleus formed from microtubules
/
  • Helps in cell division (mitosis)
  • Helps in forming flagella and cilia

Chloroplast / P /
  • Double membrane bound organelle
  • Pigment chlorophyll is present in inner menb
/
  • Captures light & converts it into chemical energy
  • Pigment chlorophyll (photosynthesis)