Cell Notes: Chapter 4Biology A

History of the Cell

  1. ______
  2. Discovered the ______, by looking at cork
  3. ______
  4. Discovered ______cells
  5. Also invented the ______
  6. ______
  7. Discovered ______cells
  8. ______
  9. Discovered ______cells
  10. ______
  11. Discovered that ______only come from other living cells

Cell Theory

  1. All living things are composed of ______.
  2. Cells are the basic units of ______and ______.
  3. Cells are produced only from other ______cells

** These observations were made from ______, ______and ______.

Prokaryotic Cells

  1. Lived at least _____ billions years ago
  2. ______-celled (______) that lacks a ______and any ______
  3. Genetic material does not have a ______
  4. Very ______
  5. Example:

Eukaryotic Cells

  1. Have a ______and ______(mini organs)
  2. Genetic material has a ______around it
  3. Not as ______as prokaryotic cells
  4. Can be ______or ______(more than 1 cell)
  5. Example:

Why are cells so small?

  1. Needed ______must be able to be ______inside the cell
  2. ______materials must be able to be transported ______of the cell
  3. ______cells are more efficient because they have a better ______to ______ratio

Organelles of the Cell

Organelle / Plant, Animal or Both? / Looks like / Function in Cell (JOB)
Plasma Membrane (cell membrane) / Lipid bilayer – polar heads and nonpolar tails
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) / Tunnel with ribosomes (dots); is connected to the nucleus
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) / Tubular with no ribosomes, connected to RER and nucleus
Vesicle / Carries proteins from RER to the Golgi apparatus
Ribosome / Makes proteins by combining amino acids through condensation reactions
Nucleus / Large and central; has a membrane; contains chromosomes and a nucleolus
Nuclear Envelope or Nuclear Membrane / Allows RNA and protein in and out of the nucleus
Nucleolus
Chromosomes – other forms are chromatin or chromatid / Inside nucleus; looks like a ball of yarn, little lines or an X
Cytoplasm / Jellylike fluid – cytosol; contains cytoskeleton
Mitochondria / Small sausage shaped with squiggly lines called cristae
Chloroplast / Green bean shaped with stacks of thylakoids inside
Golgi Apparatus (Golgi complex, golgi body) / Receives protein from vesicles and packages them up to be distributed out of the cell
Cell Wall / Made of cellulose (polysaccharide)
Peroxisome
Lysosome / Breaks down macromolecules; recycles organelles
Cytoskeleton
Centrioles / Microtubules arranged in a circle
Vacuole / Storage of food, water, waste, pigments and enzymes
Cilia
Flagella