Name
CELL MEMBRANE REVIEW
Terms:
Fluid Mosaic Model
Phospholipid
Selective Permeability
Passive Transport
· Concentration gradient
· Dynamic Equilibrium
· Diffusion
· Facilitated Diffusion
o Carrier Protein
o Ion/Gated Channels
· Osmosis
o Hypertonic
o Hypotonic
o Isotonic
o Osmotic Pressure
o Turgor Pressure
o Plasmolysis
o Turgid
o Wilt
o Lysed (cytolysis)
o Contractile Vacuole
Active Transport
· Sodium-Potassium Pump
· Endocytosis
o Pinocytosis
o Phagocytosis
· Exocytosis
o Protein Synthesis Pathway
Blood types
· Antigen
· Antibodies
· Agglutination
· White blood cells
o Antigen/ Antibodies
THE CELL MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
1. What did Singer and Nicholson discover? Cell membrane
2. What does fluid mosaic mean? Description of the cell membrane that has many different components (mosaic), but still maintains a flexible (fluid) feature.
3. Draw a simplified version of the cell membrane. Include and label the following parts – phopholipid, protein, cholesterol, carbohydrate chains, glycolipid, glycoprotein, cytoskeleton
4. Name and describe the four types of proteins in the cell membrane. Enzymes, marker, transport, receptor
5. What type of protein determines blood type? antigen
6. What type of protein does glucagon connect with on liver cells? Receptor protein
7. What type of proteins are an antigens and antibodies? Marker proteins
8. Why is mixing blood types dangerous? Cells will agglutinate and clump together, blocking blood flow and cells could rupture. (Know the difference in antibodies & antigens for the blood types) ** What is the main job of the cell membrane? Maintain homeostasis
9. ** Describe selective permeability. Allowing certain substances in/out of a cell and preventing others.
State other characteristics/structures of the membrane that help it do its job.
See fluid mosaic model and parts/functions
THE CELL MEMBRANE FUNCTION
10. What is Brownian motion? Random motion of molecules
11. What are 2 factors that determine what can pass through the membrane and where? Size and charge
12. List three molecules that can go directly through the bilayer. CO2, O2, H2O (sort of) List three molecules that must pass through a membrane protein. Na+/K+/Glucose
13. List 2 characteristics of passive transport. No energy/highàlow concentration
14. What are three passive transport processes? Diffusion/osmosis/facilitated diffusion
15. What is concentration? Amount of substance in a given area
16. What is a concentration gradient? The difference in the concentration of an area (there will be a high and a low)
17. Describe dynamic equilibrium. When there is no more concentration gradient
18. What two important gases will pass through the cell membrane by diffusion? CO2 and O2
19. What is the protein in red blood cells that transport oxygen and carbon dioxide? Hemoglobin
20. What is osmosis? Diffusion of water across a membrane
21. If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution it ______plasmolysis______. If it is placed in a hypotonic solution it ______gains osmostic pressure______. If in an isotonic solution it ______remains unchanged______.
22. A slightly shrunken plant cell is scientifically referred to as ____flaccid______. A plant cell that has lost MOST of its water is called ______wilts______. A plant in a hypotonic solution is really full of water and is called ______turgor pressure______.
23. Animal cells that have burst are called ______lysed (cytolysis______. Animal cells that are shrunken are called ______crenated (plasmolysis)______.
24. Describe one adaptation of organisms such as protists to a hypotonic environment. Contractile vacuole
25. How is facilitated diffusion different from regular diffusion? Requires a protein to get substance across the memebrane
26. What three substances may pass through the membrane by facilitated diffusion? Glucose, amino acids, and ions
27. What are two characteristics of active transport? Require energy (ATP), movement from low to high concentration
28. What is the difference between active transport and facilitated diffusion? Active requires energy/Facilitated does not
29. What is the similarity between active transport and facilitated diffusion? Both require protein in membrane
30. What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis? Endo= substance enters cell; Exo= substance exits the cell
31. Give an example of endocytosis: when a cell takes in a bacterium or virus in order to destroy it
32. Give an example of exocytosis: Protein synthesis when protein is packaged and released from the cell