Cell Growth and Division
Name:______
Period:______
Cell Growth and Division
Chapters 10 & 11
Vocabulary :
Mitosis-______
Cytokinesis-______
Chromatid-______
Centromere-______
Centriole-______
Spindle-______
Gametes-______
Homologous-______
Diploid-______
Haploid-______
Meiosis-______
Tetrad-______
crossing-over-______
I. ______Division
2 stages
A. ______- ______division
1. ______reproduction- reproduction ______exchanging ______information.
2. Source of new “______” cells in multicellular organisms; for growth and development.
B. ______- division of ______
C. Why divide?
1. The larger a cell becomes, the more ______the cell places on its ______.
2. The cell has trouble moving enough ______and wastes across the cell ______.
II. Forms of ______
A. ______- long ______DNA, found in cell during ______(not easily seen)
- ______- short, ______, made of DNA (can be seen during division)
- ______- individual chromosome, held together by a ______
III. Cell Cycle
A. ______phase
*______cell division
*cell ______[______phase]
*chromatin ______(DNA ______) [____ phase]
*______- present
[____ phase]
______begins [_____ phase]… division of ______
Draw:
B. ______phase (first and longest phase)
*like ______(single chromosome) together; ______information on the sister chromatids (from DNA replication) = same genetic information on both
*______fibers form from ______
*nuclear membrane ______
Draw:
C. ______phase
*______move to the ______ends of the cell
*spindle fibers ______to chromosome at the ______
*______line up on the “______” (middle)
Draw:
D. ______phase
*sister ______are pulled ______, becoming ______chromosomes
Draw:
E. ______phase
*nucleus ______
*chromosomes turn back into ______
*nuclear ______re-forms
Draw:
F. ______
*division of ______and cellular ______
*2 ______cells with the ______genetic information
*nuclear membrane ______
Draw: Human mitosis
IV. Regulating the cell cycle
A. ______: ______that regulate the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells.
1. ______regulators- ______that respond to events ______the cell. (ex: ______
______)
2. ______regulators- ______
that respond to events ______the cell. Stimulate
the ______and ______of cells. (ex: ______
______)
B. ______cell growth
1. ______cells DO _____ respond to the signals that ______cell growth.
a. ______- mass of cells that can ______the surrounding tissue.
i. ______: ______-cancerous
ii. ______: ______tumor
b. ______- cancerous cells that break ______from a tumor and ______through out the body.
2. There are several causes of cancer including ______tobacco, ______(x-rays), ______light, and ______infections.
V. Cellular Division- ______
*Cellular division of ______cells (______)
- ______= sex cells
- Females: ______/______
- Males: ______
B. Chromosome Number
1. ______= 2N; cell has both sets of ______chromosomes *Homologous chromosomes; homo = ______, these chromosome pairs carry the same information
Example: Humans, 2N = ______
2. ______= N; ______the number of chromosomes
Example: Humans, N = ______
C. Phases of Meiosis- Part I
1. Starts with a ______cell (2N)
2. ______I: DNA ______, similar to mitosis
3. ______phase I:
a. ______chromosomes (chromosomes with the ______genetic information) form a ______
b. ______- a random ______of genes between homologous chromosomes occurs, causing ______.
Draw: Use 2 different colors
4. ______phase I: chromosomes line up on ______(same as mitosis)
5. ______phase I: ______separate
6. ______phase I: ___ cells, ______
D. Phases of Meiosis- Part ______
*start with __ cells that are 2N
1. ______phase II: ______as mitosis
2. ______phase II: chromosomes line up in the ______
3. ______phase II: Chromosomes pull ______; form individual ______
4. ______phase II:
*______division complete
*_____ cells that are genetically ______from the original
*each cell has the ______chromosome number
Draw:
E. ______
1. Meiosis in males, occurs in ______
2. Results in ______sperm
Draw:
F. ______
1. Meiosis in females, occurs in ______
2. Results in ____ egg/ovum and ______polar bodies
Draw:
Human Heredity
Chapter 14-1
- Chromosomes
- Rod-shaped structure, found in ______, carries ______information
- ______chromosomes
- “______” pairs in ______cell
- Carry ______genetic information
- Similar ______and ______
C. ______
1. Traits for characteristics
2. ______of a gene
3. found at certain ______called a ______
Draw example:
D. ______alleles
1. dominant trait is “stronger” and therefore is ______(shown)
2. represented by ______letters
E. ______alleles
1. recessive trait only expressed if ______with another recessive gene (if it is with the dominant gene, you are a ______for the trait)
2. represented by ______case letters
F. ______: genetic information. “What genes say.”
1. BB- ______ “pure” ______genetic information from both genes
2. bb- ______ “pure” ______genetic information from both genes
3. Bb- ______/______genes at same locus for a single trait/carrier for recessive, but show ______trait
G. ______: how genes are expressed. “What you see/how look.”
Example: If D is dominant for dimples and d is recessive for no dimples then…
DD: ______
Dd:______
dd: ______
II. ______- picture of ______
A. ______- “______” chromosomes 44 individual: 22 pairs numbered 1-22
B. ______chromosomes- pair number 23 _____= female or ______= male
C. How are the cells obtained?
______- procedure that withdrawals ______from an expectant mother’s uterus. The fluid is analyzed to detect ______abnormalities or determine the sex of the baby.
III. Disorders
A. ______- too many
*______= Down’s Syndrome 3 chromosomes at spot 21
Cause: during ______in females the ______doesn’t separate correctly.
*other autosomal disorders
-Trisomy 17-18
-Trisomy 13-15
Causes ______mental retardation; die 2-3 months old
B. Sex Chromosomes
*______- Sterile Male
Cause: ______doesn’t separate during meiosis
Notation: ______, ______
*______Syndrome- Sterile female
Cause: ______doesn’t separate properly during meiosis
Notation: ______, ______
C. ______- chromosome breaks or is ______
*Cri-du-chat (Cry of the cat)
Cause: short arm of chromosome _____ is missing results in retardation.
Revised 2-12