Analyzing Political Cartoons
Political cartoons date back to the days of Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation and were used as visual propaganda. Early examples of political cartoons can be found in the Colonial period of United States history with Benjamin Franklin's sketch of a snake whose severed parts represent the Colonies and the caption, "Join or Die." From the Civil War down to the present, political cartoons have been used to inform, persuade and entertain the public.
Cartoonists use many different techniques to present their message
- Caricature: exaggerating one or more physical feature such as a large nose or ears. Another example of caricature: someone who speaks out loudly on an issue might be drawn with an exaggerated mouth.
- Symbols: using an easily recognizable item to communicate an idea—a donkey to represent the Democratic Party, or an elephant to represent the Republican Party, Uncle Sam to represent the United States of America, a dove for peace, etc.
- Captions: having the characters talk using balloons or summarizing the message in a few words above or below the cartoon.
Purpose
The purpose of political cartoons is to motivate people to think about issues of politics, government and subjects of national or international importance. They
- help provide readers with additional points of view
- assume the viewers have enough information about the issues to understand the message
- emphasize one side of an issue or concern
- rely on humor
- depend upon the picture to convey the point
- are found in newspapers and magazines
Directions
- Go to the Political Cartoon web site: Daryl Cagle's Professional Cartoonists Index!
- Choose a cartoon that is about polling, public opinion, or a politician "using" the media.
- Analyze using the following steps:
- Closely study any characters in the cartoon. Based on your knowledge of local and world
events, who can be identified? - Look at the characters' style of dress and other visual clues including facial expressions, body language and appearance, and exaggerated facial or physical characteristics.
- Identify any objects or symbols in the cartoon.
- Read the caption or any text in the cartoon. What does it express?
- State the message or main ideas presented in the cartoon.
- Identify any words or phrases that appear most important.
- Examine the techniques the cartoonist uses to convey his message: symbolism, ridicule, caricature, satire, puns.
- Identify what special interest groups would agree or disagree with the cartoon's message.
- Summarize or paraphrase the cartoon's message or main idea.