Carson, Chapters 7-8

Study Guide

Hst 110

Carson, chapters 7-8

1. The “Age of the Common Man”???

1. Andrew Jackson

1. Belief that women should be subordinate to men in all aspects of society.

1. Belief that Native Americans should be removed from their tribal land.

1. Belief in the continuation of slavery and white supremacy.

1. Most white northerners in the period 1820-1860 wanted nothing to do with blacks, and had the same kind of racist ideas as southerners.

1. American culture supported white supremacy, e.g., the minstrel show

1. Planter class ideology

1. Sexism and the “sorest spot”

1. White supremacy

1. Paternalism

1. Realities of slave life

1. The American Colonization Society

1. gradually free slaves, through purchasing them, and sending them to Africa

1. supported by some northern abolitionists, and upper South slaveholders

1. some free blacks supported colonization as a means to bring Christianity to Africa, others to escape the confines of American society

1. most free blacks opposed colonization because they felt that they were Americans, and entitled to all the rights of white people.

1. Philadelphia

1. Largest free black population

1. Home of Mother Bethel Church

1. Abolitionism – mutual aid societies

1. David Walker

1. Bio

1. An Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World

1. Kill or be killed

1. Aggressive style and tone in the pamphlet made others adopt a similar tone.

1. Increased black pride and nationalism.

1. Made white Southerners very nervous and frightened, since it advocated the use of violence by slaves.

1. David Walker’s fate

1. Slave production

1. Tobacco

1. Virginia, Maryland and North Carolina

.

1. Transition

1. Rice

1. South Carolina and Georgia

1. Most slaves

1. Sugar
2. Hemp

1. King Cotton

1. As cotton production increased, the slave population increased.

1. Black belt

1. Alabama and Mississippi

1. East Texas

1. Urban slavery

1. Slave Revolts

1. Denmark Vesey Conspiracy, 1822

1. July 14 – rise up to capture Charleston, and conquer the South Carolina countryside.

1. Moon was dark

1. Bastille Day in Paris

1. Religion

1. Betrayal

1. Results

1. Vesey and compatriots executed

1. The state legislature passed laws forbidding slaves to read, banning their assembly, and jailing black sailors while their ships were docked.

1. South Carolina increased surveillance of slaves.

1. Nat Turner, 1831

1. “Easier” terms of slavery

1. Nat, like most rebels, was literate

1. Nat Turner and religion

1. The rebellion’s fury

1. Results

1. Patterns of discrimination in the North

1. Jim Crow

1. Employment

1. Abolitionism

1. Black abolitionism (a few examples)

1. James and Charlotte Forten

1. Richard Allen

1. Frederick Douglass

1. White allies (a few examples)

1. William Lloyd Garrison

1. Elijah Lovejoy

1. The Lane rebels

1. The Grimke sisters

1. Slave culture

1. Family

1. Kin and naming patterns

1. “marriage”

1. Break up of slave families

1. Christianity

1. The Second Great Awakening

1. Slave master Christianity

1. Slave Christianity

1. Folk Tales

1. Racism in the American culture

1. Native Americans

1. Many European immigrants

1. Catholics

1. African Americans

1. Anti-black mobs

1. Black buildings and neighborhoods

1. Philadelphia

1. Anti-Abolitionist mobs

1. Elijah Lovejoy

1. Border towns

1. New York City

1. Slave population in the South – 1820-1850

1. 25% per year

1. 4 million by 1860

1. Reasons for population growth

1. High fertility rates among enslaved women.
2. Illegal importation of slaves
3. A decrease in manumission
4. Comparisons to Latin American slavery

1. Maroons

1. Florida and the Seminoles

1. Andrew Jackson

1. American Anti-Slavery Society

1. Founded 1833

1. The most significant abolitionist society

1. Immediate end to slavery, with no compensation for owners

1. Main arguments

1. Slavery was an inefficient economic system that could be better replaced by free labor.
2. Critiqued the North for profiting from the labor of slaves in the cotton fields through Northern textile industries.
3. Slavery led to brutality, rape and violence.
4. Slavery was a moral sin against God.

1. Nonviolence

1. Feminism

1. Tactics

1. “Moral suasion”

1. Speeches and lectures.

1. Mass mailings.

1. massive petitioning campaign

1. By 1840, the American Anti-Slavery Society had ______members linked by nearly 2000 local affiliates.

1. Politics

1. William Lloyd Garrison

1. Garrison supported women's rights and became disillusioned with the lack of success of the organization.

1. Garrison began to advocate destroying the Constitution and separating the North from the South as a solution.

1. The Gag Rule

1. Frederick Douglass

1. Disillusionment with the American Anti-Slavery Society

1. Split with Garrison

1. The Constitution

1. Politics

1. The North Star

1. Feminism

1. Integration

1. Armed resistance

1. Underground Railroad

1. Border states

1. Operation of the railroad was a life-threatening endeavor for many.

1. Whites and blacks helped escapees on the railroad.

1. Escapees sometimes returned to assist the railroad and help others escape.

1. Harriet Tubman – “I freed a thousand slaves I could have freed a thousand more if only they knew they were slaves.”

1. Increasing Black abolitionist militancy

1. Some whites who refused to practice racial equality, especially in economic and leadership roles.

1. Disillusioned by many whites, whom he believed to speak only rhetoric and were uninterested in action.

1. Inspired by various slave rebellions and mutinies on ships.

1. American Free Produce Society – 1838

1. Philadelphia

1. Boycotting all goods produced by slaves.

1. The Liberty Party

1. Politics

1. James Birney

1. The Black Church

1. Key institution

1. Attacks on both slavery and discrimination

1. Feminism

1. Woman suffrage

1. Seneca Fall Convention

1. Sojourner Truth – 1851 Women’s convention, Akron Ohio

Well, children, where there is so much racket there must be something out of kilter. I think that 'twixt the negroes of the South and the women at the North, all talking about rights, the white men will be in a fix pretty soon. But what's all this here talking about?

That man over there says that women need to be helped into carriages, and lifted over ditches, and to have the best place everywhere. Nobody ever helps me into carriages, or over mud-puddles, or gives me any best place! And ain't I a woman? Look at me! Look at my arm! I have ploughed and planted, and gathered into barns, and no man could head me! And ain't I a woman? I could work as much and eat as much as a man - when I could get it - and bear the lash as well! And ain't I a woman? I have borne thirteen children, and seen most all sold off to slavery, and when I cried out with my mother's grief, none but Jesus heard me! And ain't I a woman?

Then that little man in black there, he says women can't have as much rights as men, 'cause Christ wasn't a woman! Where did your Christ come from? Where did your Christ come from? From God and a woman! Man had nothing to do with Him.

If the first woman God ever made was strong enough to turn the world upside down all alone, these women together ought to be able to turn it back , and get it right side up again! And now they is asking to do it, the men better let them.

Obliged to you for hearing me, and now old Sojourner ain't got nothing more to say.

1. Amistad Rebellion – 1839

1. Joseph Cinque

1. The rebellion

1. Court case

1. John Quincy Adams

1. Singbe