American Government 230Part II
Roskin, pgs. 92-98,
Kelleher, pgs. 52-63, A:IR8-16
Can the U.S. Lead the World?
True or False Questions
1. At the high point in the 1960s, the U.S. foreign policy commitments nearly covered the globe to encircle what was then called the “Sino-Soviet bloc.” True or False
2. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, even some members of Congress who had been hawks turned noninterventionist when the Cold War ended.True or False
3. The great French foreign minister Talleyrand argued that non-interventionism in a state has little to no effect on international affairs. True or False
4. Political scientist Gabriel Almond (1911–2002) observed in 1950 that “an overtly interventionist and responsible United States enjoys an aggressive foreign policy and overtly relishes war. True or False
5. In the Korean, Vietnam, and Iraq wars, after 3 years of fighting and no clear end, public opinion became negative on all three the wars. True or False
6. Roskin and Berry argue that the mass American public show little interest or understanding of foreign affairs and can accurately be identified as reflecting an "apathetic internationalism." True or False
7. Rarely if ever do presidential candidates criticize the foreign policy initiatives of the opposition party since both parties view foreign affairs as off-limits to partisan bickering. True or False
8. Candidate Bush criticized Clinton's use of troops overseas in Kosovo and for nation-building; but after Bush became president he did much more of both than Clinton ever envisioned. True or False
9. President Obama has been less harsh in his treatment of Iran than Bush 43, removing sanctions and extending areas of cooperation. True or False
10. Kennedy shifted U.S. attention to the developing areas of Asia, Africa, and Latin America, a strong indication of JFK's strong interventionism. True or False
11. New presidents, however much they dislike it, are trapped by the events that they did not anticipate. True or False
12. An idealistic policy of bombing Syrian military targets to save civilians from the horrors of poison gas would never have led to U.S. armed forces being sent to another long war in Syria even when applying a hard-edge analysis of national security.True or False
13. According to Roskin and Berry, thinking of only self-interest resulted in the U.S. ignoring the regime of Afghanistan run by Muslim fanatics from 1989 to 2001 that resulted in 9/11. True or False
14. Idealism and self-interest are not always at odds for sometimes the smartest thing to do is to help others who in turn become trading partners and customers, argue Roskin and Berry. True or False
15. President Bush and his Defense Department Chief, Donald Rumsfeld respected the views and opinions of the Joint Chiefs in deciding to go to war against Iraq a second time after the first Bush had done. True or False
Multiple Choice Questions
1. For some years after Vietnam, the U.S. shied away from another war, Washington pursuing the following policy: a) hands-off, b) risk-averse, c) non-alignment, d) détente.
2. At the start of wars in Vietnam, Afghanistan, and Iraq, what percent of the American public supported them? a) about 40%, b) about 52%, c) about 66%, d) about 75%.
3. According to Roskin and Berry, from roughly Pearl Harbor in 1941 to Vietnam in the late 1960s, the U.S. practiced the following foreign policy: a) isolationist, b) discriminatory, c) interventionist, d) noninterventionist.
4. Means projecting your power into another country to make, maintain, or unmake foreign governments. a) interventionism, b) accountability, c) expansionism, d) coercion.
5. Why did President Bush 41’s popularity dramatically drop within a year after the Persian Gulf War in 1992? a) Because the American people were war-weary, b) Because he lied told the truth about raising taxes, c) Because he refused to take out Saddam Hussein, d) Because of an economic recession,
6. Better-educated, attentive Americans in leadership positions think that what happens around the world is: a) complimentary, b) primary, c) important, d) insignificant.
7. According to Nicholas Spykman when posed with the classic question of U.S. foreign and defense policy, when should the U.S. intervene? a) We should focus on building up our military and stay out of foreign countries, b) We should actively participate in other lands before a threat arises, c) We should target our military buildup to current needs, d) We need to return to a policy of isolationism.
8. What did political scientist, Frank L. Klingberg mean by extroversion? a) Allowing for external contingencies in an international emergency, b) The breakdown of social classes due to economic and political crisis, c) Providing adequate support to U.S. foreign policy agencies to maintain the peace, d) Expanding U.S. power and influence outside its borders.
9. For Roskin and Berry, any successful foreign policy needs the following: a) Always consider America's self-interest and not allow idealism to cloud reality, b) The U.S. must construct policies that merge idealism and self-interest, c) Because the U.S. is a role model for the world, it should only apply an idealistic vision, d) Neither idealism nor self-interest should be the test. Every situation is different and requires different approaches.
10. The United States spends 5% of its GDP on military per year which accounts for a dollar amount equivalent to the total spent by the next __ biggest spenders: a) 5, b) 6, c) 10, d) 13.
11. The following are required federal expenditures, such as Social Security and Medicare: a) Pork Barrel, b) Mandates, c) Logrolling, d) Entitlements.
12. To reintroduce military conscription would require: a) a minor crisis and an act of the president, b) a major crisis and an act of Congress, c) judicial mandate, d) the Constitution does not specify how it is to be implemented.
Fill-in Questions
1. Why do many doubt that the U.S. is able to lead the world according to Roskin and Berry?
a) The U.S. has not yet ______the world system that we operate in.
b) America is no longer in charge of the ______.
c) America now faces ______—economic, military, congressional, and public opinion—that close off many paths.
d) The biggest obstacle to American leadership is that very few ______are now willing to ______us.
2. U.S. foreign policy seems to swing like a pendulum from interventionism to noninterventionism roughly once a generation. For example:
a) Americans reacted to World War I by slouching into ______.
b) With the rise of ______and ______expansionism, that policy became impossible.
c) The generation that fought World War II became imbued with a ______where everything overseas mattered.
d) The U.S. then intervened more and more until it got burned in ______.
e) Most swore ______to get involved with anything like that again. A similar mood appeared after the Iraq War.
3. The continuity principle shows up in the policies commonly associated with one president that were often initiated by his predecessor.
a) The Eisenhower doctrine of ______was implicit in Truman's actions; Eisenhower just made it explicit.
b) Nixon's withdrawal of U.S. forces from ______actually began under Johnson.
c) Reagan's ______buildup actually began under Jimmy Carter.
d) Clinton's ______actually began under Bush 41.
Critiques from the Global Primacy Perspective
Kelleher, pgs. 52-63
True or False Questions
1. From the State Primacy perspective, members of the same ethnicity in other states are regarded as different people with different citizenship. True or False
2. First Nation organizations that concern themselves with the problems of indigenous peoples that live in different states pose no threat to the State primacy perspective. True or False
3. From the Global Primacy perspective in critiquing State Primacy, there is no legal means for international bodies to deal with internal abuses by a state against a minority group under the latter’s system. True or False
4. According to Kelleher and Klein, it was mainly the internal changes made by South Africans themselves that overthrew the internationally despised practice of apartheid and not the sanctions imposed by outside bodies. True or False
5. Today’s inequality throughout the world is a result of a peoples’ history and not a validation of evolutionary failure argue State Primacy advocates. True or False
6. The Global Primacy perspective hold that the superior cultures of any state and the world should dictate to, and change, inferior cultures. True or False
7. For Kelleher and Klein, those that are advocates of the State Primacy perspective believe states must be allowed to determine how their ethnic minorities will be treated based on the principle of sovereignty. True or False
8. The Jewish state of Israel was created in an area where there were few local residents. True or False
9. The ideal of cultural pluralists is a world where people do not attack others for land or economic gain, argue Kelleher and Klein. True or False
10. In Inuit culture the extended family is far more important than the nuclear family. True or False
11. The creation of an Inuit province largely controlled by the Inuit peoples was rejected by the majority of non-Inuit people living in the Northwest Territories in 1982. True or False
12. To assure that the Inuit eventually become fully assimilated into Canadian culture and society, the working language of the government will remain English and French. True or False
Multiple Choice Questions
1. A former racist policy of South Africa that marginalized blacks and people of color for the benefit of the white minority: a) Jim Crow, b) de jure segregation, c) slavery, d) apartheid.
2. The following give priority to the autonomous rights of individual cultures regardless of their position in society: a) Global Primacy, b) Cultural Primacy,c) State Primacy, d) Individual Primacy.
3. The Global Primacy perspective argues the following: a) cultures should always be respected no matter its attributes, b) diversity should be both celebrated and reinforced, c) problems around the world are universal and must be attacked in a unified manner, d) flexibility is the key and that only arises by accepting and embracing our differences.
4. The state primacy view: a) is a defender of strong ethnic groups, b) adheres to the view that a world of thousands of small interest groups is unworkable, c) believes that governments are irrational when it comes to resolving disputes among ethnic groups, d) is hostile to international law and disdains integration of economic activities.
5. Inuit means: a) long-life, b) foreigner, c) hunter, d) people
6. The Inuit are a: a) sedentary culture, able to grow their own crops for survival, b) culture that has thrived on domesticated animals, primarily cattle and sheep to survive, c) hunter-and-gatherer culture using kayaks, harpoons, and dog sleds, d) fierce, warlike people, unable to live in harmony with their environment or other cultures.
7. When the United States sent a ship, USCGC The Polar Sea, through Arctic waters, it resulted in the Canadian government: a) demanding an immediate apology form the U.S. and calling for UN intervention, b) recognizing the claims of the Inuit who have long-standing international recognition to residence in the area, c) happily wanting a U.S. presence to prevent any further Inuit demands, d) signing a treaty with the U.S., recognizing dual sovereignty over the area.
8. On April 1, 1999, Nunavut became a reality with some 770,000 square miles. This amounts to what proportion of Canada? a) one fourth, b) one-fifth, b) one-sixth, c) one-eighth
Fill-in Questions
1. On what two grounds do advocates of Global Primacy reject State Primacy?
a) states are ______constructs based on historical ______rather than natural groupings,
b) world problems are ______in scope rather than pertinent only to the ______interests of states and therefore, cooperation is thus ______rather than ______.
2. The Inuit of Nunavut are
a) an indigenous people who developed a ______-and-______type of culture in the ______.
b) They have maintained their ______but have felt threatened by contemporary Canadian and territorial governmental policies.
c) They have won Canadian approval for and aid in establishing a new Inuit-controlled, Inuit-designed territory: ______.
Answers
True or False Questions, Roskin & Berry, pgs. 92-98
1. True
3. False
5. True
7. False
9. False
11. True
13. True
15. False
Multiple Choice Questions
1. b
3. c
5. d
7. b
9. b
11. d
Fill-in Questions
1. a) figured out, b) world economy, c) domestic constraints, d) allies, follow
3. a) massive nuclear retaliation, b) Vietnam, c) massive defense, d) defense cutbacks.
True or False Questions, Kelleher & Klein, pgs. 52-63
1. True
3. True
5. False
7. False
9. True
11. False
Multiple Choice Questions
1. d
3. c
5. d
7. b
Fill-in Questions
1. a) artificial, accident, b) global, local, negotiated, mandated
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