Campbell—Sensation and Perception Test AP Psych--Fall Pick the BEST answer
1. On its way to the cones and rods of the eye, (in order) light passes through the
a. cornea, vitreous humor, lens, iris, aqueos humor
b. sclera, lens, pupil, iris, vitreous humor
c. cornea, aqueous humor, pupil, lens, vitreous humor
d. sclera, aqueous humor, lens, pupil, vitreous humor
e. retina, vitreous humor, lens, iris, aqueous humor, fove
2. Mrs. Campbell serves you sweet ice tea and then sweetens your ice tea some more. She asks if you can detect the change in the stimulus. If you can do this 50% of the time it is called the
a. JND
b. absolute threshold
c. Weber’s Law
d. subliminal
e. ESP
3.. / If you stand in the middle of a cobblestone street, the street will look clear near your feet and somewhat foggy as you look into the distance. This is calleda. / Relative clarity
b. / linear perspective.
c. / relative size.
d. / relative motion.
e. overlap
4. Vision is the most researched sense. From this research, we know that images are inverted and focused onto the ______by the lens
a. pupil b. ganglion cells c. retina
d. lens e. cornea
5.. Neural impulses go directly to the cortex without passing through the thalamus from receptors in the
a. retina
b. joints
c. cochlea
d. olfactory epithelium
e. taste buds
6. According to the ______theory, cones (photoreceptor cells) respond to red, green, or blue light. There is a concentration of cones in the fovea and very few of them in our peripheral visual field.
a. Opponent process
b. After-image
c. Trichromatic
d. Dichromatic
e. Monochromatic
7. Decreased perceptual response to a repeated stimulus like eating spicy food over and over is called
a. / habituation or adaptation.b. / selective attention.
c. / divided attention.
d. / hallucination
e. absolute threshold
8. Conventional hearing aids may restore hearing by (I hope you did your readingJ)
a. restoring function to a badly damaged eardrum
b. amplifying vibrations conducted by facial bones to the cochlea
c. translating sounds into electrical signals wired into the cochlea’s nerves
d. stimulating the semicircular canals to transducer sound waves
e. converting sound waves to radio waves
Match the following structure with the correct sense. You may use a choice multiple times or you may not use it at all.
9. tempanic membrane a. audition/hearing
10. basilar membrane b. vision/sight
11. fovea c. gustation/taste
12. papillae d. olfaction/smell
13. iris e. cutaneous/touch
14. ganglion cells f. kinesthetic/movement
15. pressure receptors g. vestibular/balance
16. semicircular canals h. esp
17. cochlea
18. olfactory epithelieum
19. joints
20. According to Hubel and Weisel, brain cells that analyze incoming sensory information into lines, angles, shading, and movement are called
a. / sight cells.b. / second stage sensors.
c. / feature detectors.
d. / vision neuron
21. The fact that I can walk and teach at the same time illustrates that
a. / our attention depends on different motor systems.
b. / we use selective attention.
c. / we use divided attention.
d. / we use sequential attention.
22. Skin mapping indicates that
a. / the forearm is the most sensitive area of the body.b. / skin receptors are found in varying concentrations, reflecting the sensitivity of the body areas.
c. / pain receptors do not vary in concentration, but are uniform for all parts of the body.
d. / temperature sensitivity is greatest in the chest and trunk areas.
e. areas such as the back of our neck are very sensitive.
20. Which of the following best describes the relationship between sensation and perception?
a. Sensation is a strictly mechanical process, while perception is cognitive
b. Perception is an advanced form of sensation
c. Sensation happens in the senses while perception happens in the brain
d. Sensation is detecting stimuli, while perception is interpreting stimuli
e. Sensation is psychophysics, while perception is psychokenesis
21. Which of the following is a color vision theory used to explain the after-image effect of the flag in your text initially appears green, black, and yellow, but after a period of time turns red, white, and blue?
a. place theory
b. gate control theory
c. opponent-process theory
d. trichromatic theory
e. frequency theory
22. The process where the lens of the eye changes shape is called
a. habituationb. accommodation
c. adaptation
d. flexibility
e. muscle movement
23. When a fortune teller claims to have the ability to see what the person you will meet and marry in ten years from now looks like, the person is professing to have the ability of
a. telepathy
b. clairvoyance
c. precognition
d. telekinesis
e. top-down processing
24. If a signal is said to be subliminal it is
a. proven to manipulate us to do something we are unaware
b. below the absolute threshold of detection
c. invisible
d. needing to be primed
e. all listed
25. Although sound comes from speakers on the sides of the room, viewers watching the movie perceive the sound as coming from the screen. This phenomenon is best accounted for by the
a. visual capture
b. proximity
c. closure
d. opponent-process
e. feature detection
26. According to ______theory, lower pitch tones are sensed by the location where the cells fire; we sense pitch because the hair cells fire at different spots in the cochlea.
a. opponent process theory
b. place theory
c. frequency theory
d. organ of corti
e. transduction
27. Polly has a bad headache. Her boyfriend, Peter, squeezes the inside of her hand between her thumb and her index finger, which makes her headache go away temporarily. This best demonstrates which of the following?
a. opponent process theory
b. place theory
c. frequency theory
d. gate control theory
e. Weber’s Law
28. Which sense is LEAST involved in enabling you to maintain your balance when you stand on one foot?
a. kinesthesis
b. olfaction
c. gustation
d. vestibular
e. both b and c
29. If you had sight in only one eye, which of the following depth cues could you NOT use?
a. retinal disparity
b. convergence
c. linear perspective
d. shading
e. both a and b
30. Sarah sprays perfume on her body in class. Over 50% of the class complains to Mrs. Campbell about the smell while the rest of the class doesn’t really detect it. This is an example of
a. jnd
b. Weber’s law
c. absolute threshold
d. difference threshold
e. subliminal
31. Carlos was just able to perceive a difference in weight when Maria removed 2 of the 50 jelly beans from his plastic bag. It is most likely that if Carlos had the jumbo bag of 100 jelly beans, the smallest number of jelly beans he could notice removed would be 4. This is because of :
a. jnd
b. difference threshold
c. adaptation
d. attention
e. Weber’s Law
32. ______theory helps us to understand the effects of distractions and interference on our perception--giving an explanation to why sometimes a doctor might miss a tumor on an x-ray while other times he would see a tumor of the same size.
a. Top-down processing
b. Bottom-up processing
c. Signal detection
d. Gestalt
e. Weber’s Law
33. We must perceive information very rapidly in our everyday life. ______processing helps to fill in missing details based on our schematas and perceptual sets. Although this type of processing is faster, it is more likely to be flawed.
a. Closure
b. bottom-up
c. signal detection
d. Gestalt
e. top-down
34. Chelsea always is seen with a young woman who has poor morals. At a party, Chelsea is approached by a male who assumes the same about her. This can best be explained by what Gestalt rule of perception?
a. expectancy b. similarity c. closure d. continuity e. connectedness
35. / As your friend walks closer to you, she takes up more space on your retina and therefore may appear larger. Even though she appears larger, we know she is the same size because ofa. / perceptual closure.
b. / Size constancy.
c. / ambiguous stimuli.
d. / retinal disparity.
36. Eleanor Gibson concluded that
a. some level of depth perception is innate
b. because babies fall off beds they must not have depth perception
c. animals do not have depth perception
d. babies are born without depth perception but have it by the time they are 3 years old
e. Weber’s Law was incorrect.
37. The blind spot in our eye results from
a. retinal damage
b. the shadow the pupil makes on the retina
c. competing processing between the left and right hemispheres
d. floating debris in the vitreous humor
e. the lack of receptors where the optic nerve connects to the retina
38. Vanessa is at a party, having a great time talking to her friend Milly. To her the noise of the party is just a background hum, which allows her to focus her attention on Milly until she hears another girl mention her favorite actor’s name. This is an example of
a. divided attention or multi-tasking
b. cocktail party phenomenon
c. adaptation
d. attention
e. Weber’s Law
39. Sam has a hard time focusing on the teacher while she is teaching, he has problems completing tasks, and he often finds himself not paying attention while driving. The doctor has told him that this inability to focus is because of a deficit in his
a. divided attention or multi-tasking
b. adaptation
c. selective attention
d. thresholds
e. visual and auditory system
40. Thomasita believes that Presidential Candidate A is tough and Candidate B is inexperienced. Thomasita watches the debate and reports that Candidate A acted tough and confident, while Candidate B did not come across very strong even though in actuality Candidate B did answer all the questions assertively and with conviction. Thomasita’s perception being her reality is best explained by what psychological terms?
a. bottom up processing
b. expectancy
c. perceptual set
d. schemata
e. b, c, and d
41. Inductive reasoning goes from the specific to the general. Which of the following is analogous to inductive reasoning?a. / top-down processing
b. / bottom-up processing
c. / perceptual expectancies
d. / Illusions
e. sensation
42. You invite your new boyfriend over to meet your parents. When he arrives he is dressed like a gang member/thug even though he is not. Your parents will think he is involved in criminal activity because he looks like people they have seen that are gang members. This is BEST explained by what Gestalt principle?
a. proximity
b. figure-ground
c. similarity
d. closure
e. top-down processing
43. What is the principle difference between amplitude and frequency in sound waves?
a. amplitude is the tone or timbre of a sound, while frequency is the pitch
b.amplitude is detected in the cochlea, while frequency is detected in the auditory cortex
c.amplitude is the height of the sound wave while frequency is a measure of how frequently the sound waves pass a given point
d. both measure qualities of sound, but frequency is a more accurate measure since it measures the shapes of the waves rather then the strength of the waves
e. amplitude has to do with the place theory, and frequency with the frequency theory
44. / Hearing loss caused when the eardrums or ossicles are damaged by disease or injury is conduction deafness while hearing loss due to damage of the hairs in the basilar membrane is referred to as:a. / Hunter's notch.
b. / Typical deafness.
c. / stimulation deafness.
d. / nerve deafness.
e. ossicle deafness
45.Smell and taste are called ______because ______.
a. energy senses: they send impulses to the brain in the form of electric energy.
b. chemical senses: they detect chemicals in what we taste and smell
c. flavor senses; smell and taste combine to create flavor
d. chemical senses; they send impulses to the brain in the form of chemicals
e. memory senses; they both have powerful connections to memory
Free Response Question—
Describe the psychological concept of expectancy or set. Discuss a specific example of how expectancy or set affects each of the following.
- Human perception
- The effects of a psychological drug on a human
- A student’s performance in the classroom
- Human Problem Solving
- Memory
Free Response Question—
Describe the psychological concept of expectancy or set. Discuss a specific example of how expectancy or set affects each of the following.
- Human perception
- The effects of a psychological drug on a human
- A student’s performance in the classroom
- Human Problem Solving
- Memory
Free Response Question—
Describe the psychological concept of expectancy or set. Discuss a specific example of how expectancy or set affects each of the following.
- Human perception
- The effects of a psychological drug on a human
- A student’s performance in the classroom
- Human Problem Solving
- Memory
Free Response Question—
Describe the psychological concept of expectancy or set. Discuss a specific example of how expectancy or set affects each of the following.
- Human perception
- The effects of a psychological drug on a human
- A student’s performance in the classroom
- Human Problem Solving
- Memory