PROCEDURES FOR THE TI-86 GRAPHICS CALCULATOR (FINITE MATHEMATICS TOPICS)
In what follows, we use the notations given in the TI-86 Graphics Calculator Guidebook.
Consult your manual for full details to realize the full potential of your calculator.
A.1 Graphing a Single Function
1.Enter the function into the function table as follows:
a.Press GRAPH and select y(x) = . The function table
Plot 1 Plot 2 Plot 3
\y1 =
will be displayed. (If a function has been entered previously, pressing
CLEAR will clear the display.)
b. Enter the function. For example, to graph the function ,
we enter
x^3(x - 3)^4
next to
\y1 = .
2.Select the viewing rectangle as follows:
a. Select WIND by pressing 2nd followed by F2. The range table will be
displayed.
b. Enter the values for the viewing rectangle. For example, the viewing
rectangle [-1,5] x [-40,40] has the following values:
xmin = -1
xmax = 5
xsc1 = 1
ymin = -40
ymax = 40
ysc1 = 1
xres = 1
Press ENTER after entering each value.
3. Select GRAPH to display the desired graph.
A.2 Evaluating a Function
Method A (Displaying the graph of the function)
1. Enter the function f using an appropriate viewing window as outlined in A.1.
[See procedure for graphing a single function, Section A.1.]
2. Press MOREtwice to display the function EVAL. Next select EVAL .
The display
Eval x =
will appear on the bottom of the screen.
3. Enter the value of x and press ENTER . The desired value of f (x) will be
displayed on the bottom of the screen.
Method B (Without displaying the graph of the function.)
1. Press 2nd CALCto select the CALC menu.
2. Select evalF. The screen displays
evalF(
Enter the function, the variable, and the value of x at which the function is to
be evaluated. For example, to evalaute , where , we enter
evalF (x^2 + 1, x, 2) [Don't forget to enter "x" after the function!]
and then press ENTER . The value of f at x = 2, which is 5, will be displayed
on the screen.
A.3 Finding the Points of Intersection of Two Graphs
1. Plot the graphs of the two functions. To do this, follow Step 1 of the procedure
for graphing a single function (A.1) to enter the first function. Then press
ENTER to display
\y2 =
in the function table. Enter the second function. Then proceed to Step 2 of the
procedure for graphing a function (A.1).
2. Select the ISECT operation as follows:
a.Press MORE once to display the function MATH in the menu. Then
select MATH. Press MOREto obtain the ISECT function display.
b. Select ISECT to use this operation.
3. To find the coordinates of a point of intersection, move the cursor close to the
point of intersection on one of the graphs and then press ENTER . The cursor
will automatically jump to a point on the other graph. Press ENTER twice
and the display Intersection will appear at the bottom of the screen together
with the coordinates of the point(s) of intersection of the two graphs.
A.4Using the ZOOM Function
1.Display the graph of the function. [See procedure for graphing a single
function A.1.]
2. Select ZOOM. To zoom-in select ZIN.
3.Use the left, right, up, or down arrow keys to move the cursor near the point of
interest. Press ENTER .
4.To zoom-in again, move the cursor close to the desired point and press
ENTER once more.
A.5 Using the TRACE Function
1.Display the graph of the function. [See procedure for graphing a single function (A.1).]
2. Select TRACE. The cursor will appear on the graph.
3.By pressing , or ,, the cursor can be made to move along the graph. The
coordinates of the point indicated by the cursor appear on the bottom of the screen.
REMARK If more than one graph is displayed on the screen, then the cursor can be
made to jump from one graph to the other by pressing , or .
A.6Finding an Equation of a Least-Squares Line
1. Enter the data as follows:
a. Press 2nd STAT to call the statistics menu. Then select EDIT to enter
the data. The screen displays
Name =
( / ) / NAMES / " / OPS ►Select NAMES, then select xStat. Press ENTER. The heading xStat
appears in the first column. Next, move the cursor to the second column.
Select NAMES, then select yStat. Press ENTER and the heading yStat
appears in the second column. Repeat the process to enter fStat in the
third column. The screen then displays.
xStat / yStat / fStat 2------ / ------ / ------
yStat =
( / ) / NAMES / " / OPS ►b.Enter the data for in the first column using the left, right, up
or down arrow keys and pressing ENTER after each entry. In a similar
manner, enter the data for in the second column. Enter 1's for
the entries in the third column. [ Previous data can be cleared using the
DEL key.] Return to the calculator mode by pressing 2ndQUIT.
2. Find the least-squares equation as follows:
Select the statistics menu by pressing 2ndSTAT. Then select CALC. Next,
select LinR, the linear regression operation. The operation
LinR
appears on the screen. Press ENTER and the screen will display the values of
a, b, corr, and n. A desired equation of the least-squares line is
A.7Entering a Matrix
1.Press 2nd MATRX to call the matrix menu. Then select EDIT .
2.Enter the name of the matrix. For example, pressing ALPHAA will give the matrix
the label “A.” If the name already appears on the screen, then just select it by pressing
the appropriate key. Press ENTER .
3.Enter the size of the matrix. For example, if A has order 3 x 4, press 3 ,
ENTER , 4 , ENTER .
4.Enter the elements of the matrix row by row, starting with the first row.
5.Return to calculator mode by pressing 2nd QUIT . To enter more than one
matrix, repeat the above procedure as necessary.
REMARK To view a matrix, press 2ndMATRX. Then select the name of the matrix to
be viewed. Press ENTER . If necessary, use the right or left cursor keys to
move any hidden part of the matrix into view.
A.8Using Row Operations on Matrices, rref, and SIMULT
1. Using Row Operations
Enter the matrix A. Press 2nd MATRX and then select OPS . Press MORE
to display the menu for the row operations on the screen. The calculator is
now ready to perform the following operations.
a.Operation 1 (): Select rSwap to use rSwap, the row swap operation.
The command is rSwap(A , i, j). Press ENTER .
b.Operation 2 (): Select multR to use multR, the row multiplication
operation. The command is multR(c, A, i). Press ENTER .
c. Operation 3 (): Select mRAdd to use mRAdd, the multiply and
add row operation. The command is mRAdd(a, A, j, i). Press ENTER .
2. Using rref
Enter the matrix A. Press 2ndMATRX and then select OPS to display the menu.
Select rref to use rref , the reduced row echelon form operation. Enter A and then
press ENTER . The row-reduced (equivalent) matrix is displayed.
3. Using SIMULT
Press 2ndSIMULT . Enter the number of variables (and equations) in the
system. Press ENTER . Then enter the coefficients of the system (written in
standard form), row by row, starting with the first. Select SOLVE to solve
the system.
A.9 Operations on Matrices: Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication by a
Scalar, and Matrix Multiplication
To perform any of the above operations on matrices, first enter the matrices A, B, C,
and so on, and go back to the calculator mode. Then press 2ndMATRX . The calculator
is now ready to perform the following operations:
1.Addition of two matrices: To find the sum A + B of two matrices A and B
press, in succession,A, +,B, and ENTER .
2. Subtraction of two matrices: To find the difference A - B of two matrices A
and B press, in succession, A, - , B, ENTER .
3.Multiplication of a matrix by a scalar: To find the matrix cA enter the scalar
c . Then press A and ENTER .
4.Multiplication of two matrices: To find the product AB of two matrices A
and B, press in succession, A, x, B, ENTER .
REMARK More then two of the above operations may be combined into a single
statement. For example, we can compute (cA + dB)C by entering (cA + dB) C
and pressing ENTER .
A.10 Finding the Transpose of a Matrix and Finding the Inverse of an n x n
Matrix.
1.Finding the transpose of a matrix: Enter the matrix as the matrix A and go back to the
calculator mode by pressing 2ndQUIT. Press 2ndMATRX and select MATH.
Press ALPHA A followed by T and press ENTER .
2.Finding the inverse of a matrix: Enter the matrix as the matrix A and go back to the
calculator mode by pressing 2ndQUIT. Press ALPHA A followed by 2nd x-1 ,
and then press ENTER .
A.11 Evaluating n!, P(n,r), and C(n,r)
To use any of the operations n!, P(n,r), or C(n,r), press 2nd MATH to display the
Math menu. Then select PROB to use the PROB functions.
1. To evaluate n! : Enter the number n, then select ! to use the factorial
function. Press ENTER and the answer will appear on the right-hand side of
the screen.
2.To evaluate P(n, r) : Call for the PROB functions as before. Then enter the number n.
Select nPr to use the P(n,r) function. Next, enter the number r. Finally, press ENTER
to obtain the answer which will be displayed on the right-hand side of the screen.
3. To evaluate C(n, r): Proceed as in part 2, but select nCr instead of nPr .
A.12 Generating a Random Number
Press 2nd MATHto call the Math menu. Then select PROB to use the PROB menu.
Observe that the rand function is displayed on the bottom of the screen. To generate
a random number between a and c, enter a + b where b = c - a. Select rand to obtain
the display a + b rand. Then press ENTER to obtain the random number. For example,
to generate a random number between 2 and 6, enter 2 + 4, followed by rand.
Then press ENTER.
A.13 Graphing a Histogram
1.Enter the data as follows:
a. Press 2nd STAT to call the statistics menu. Then select EDIT from
the menu.
2.Enter the data x1 , x2 , ..., xn , into the first column under xStat. Previous
data can be deleted by using DEL.
3.Plot the histogram as follows:
a. Select the appropriate viewing rectangle by pressing GRAPH and
selecting WIND.
b. Go back the statistics menu by pressing 2nd STAT . Select PLOT
and then select PLOT1. The screen displays
On OffType =
Xlist Name = xStat
Freq=1
Plot1 / Plot2 / Plot3 / PLon / Ploff
Then turn on Plot 1 by moving the cursor to ON and pressing
ENTER . Next use the cursor to move to
Type= .
Select HIST from the menu and press ENTER . Exit by pressing
2ndQuit.
c. Return to the statistics menu by pressing 2nd STAT. Select DRAW.
Thehistogram now appears on the screen.
A.14 Finding the Mean and Standard Deviation
1.Enter the data as per Step 1 in A.6. The fStat-values can be
left as 1's.
2.To find the mean and standard deviation of X go to the statistic menu by
pressing 2nd STAT. Then select CALC. From the menu displayed, select
OneVa . Press ENTER . The values of the mean and the standard deviation
X are displayed along with other quantities.
A.15 Programming the TI-86
1. To enter a new program:
a. Press PRGM and select EDIT from the menu. The display
PROGRAM
Name =
will appear on the screen.
b.Enter the name of the program—up to 8 characters— and then press
ENTER . [In what follows, we will write and then execute the program
COMPINT appearing in the Using Technology Section 5.1, Applied Finite
Mathematics] We enter the name COMPINT using ALPHA and the key
corresponding to the alphabet required. After the name has been typed in,
press ENTER. The following display now appears in the window.
PROGRAM: COMPINT
.
.
Page / Page / I/O / CTL / INSc ►c.Enter the program (see the textbook referred to earlier). To enter the first line
: DISP "P"
select I/O . Next, press 2nd STRING . From the menu now on display,
select Disp followed by " . Then type in the letter P followed by " .
Press ENTER. The calculator is ready for the next line of the program.
[Note: Use 2ndAlpha to enter lower-case letters.]
d.After the complete program has been entered into the calculator,
press 2nd QUIT to exit the programming mode.
2.To execute a program:
a. Press PRGM and select NAMES from the menu. Then select a
program from the menu. The name of that program will appear on
the top of the screen.
Press ENTER .
b. Enter the numerical values of the quantities asked for, pressing
ENTER after each entry. For the example in the textbook, we enter
500 for the value of P, 0.1 for the value of r, 10 for the value of t, and
12 for the value of m. The answer is $1,353.52.
3. To erase a program:
a. Press 2nd MEM and select DELET from the menu. The word
DELETE will appear on the screen.
b. Press MORE and then select PRGM . The screen will display all
the programs entered into the calculator.
c. Move the cursor to the program to be deleted and press ENTER .
d. To exit the delete menu, press 2ndQUIT .