C) the Abiotic Environment.D) All of the Above

1. A bird that eats plant-eating insects occupies what trophic level?

a) 1stb) 2ndc) 3rdd) 4th

1. An ecosystem consists of

a) plants.b) animals.

c) the abiotic environment.d) all of the above

1. Which of the following is not an important greenhouse gas?

a) carbon dioxideb) nitrogen

c) methaned) CFCs

8. You are observing a population of lizards when you notice that the number of adults has

increased and is higher than previously observed. A likely explanation for such an observation

would include

A) reduction in death rate.

B) increased immigration.

C) increased emigration.

D) decreased emigration.

E) both B and D

1. All of the following are density-dependent factors that limit animal populations EXCEPT

A. weather D. food competition

B. predation E. mortality

C. birthrate

1. All of the following statements concerning characteristics of predator-prey relationships arecorrect EXCEPT:

A. A rise in the population of prey is often followed by a rise in the population of predators.

B. A rise in the population of predators is followed by a decrease in the population of prey.

C. Camouflage is an adaptation that protects prey.

D. The production of large numbers of offspring within very short periods of time ensuresthe survival of some prey populations.

E. The population of predators most often eliminates the population of prey.

1. Which of the following is true about secondary consumers in an ecosystem?

A. They eat only plants.

B. They are eaten by primary consumers.

C. They are smaller and weaker than are primary consumers.

D. They are fewer in number than are primary consumers.

E. They contain the greatest total biomass in the system.

Questions 12–14.refer to the food web below.

12. Which of the following organisms is most likely tobe located at the top of the food chain?

A. grass

B. grasshopper

C. snake

D. mouse

E. hawk

13. All of the following statements about the diagram are correct EXCEPT:

A. The grasshopper is an herbivore.

B. Only two trophic levels are depicted.

C. The mouse and grasshopper are at the same trophic level.

D. The grass is a producer.

E. All of the organisms except grass are consumers, regardless of position.

14. The organic and inorganic materials in all the organisms in the diagram will eventually return

to the environment by the action of

A. decomposers

B. producers

C. primary consumers

D. secondary consumers

E. top carnivores

15. Which of the following best explains why there are seldom more than five trophic levels in afood chain?

A. Most carnivores function at more than one trophic level.

B. Trophic levels above this number contain too many individuals.

C. Top carnivores are too few in number to prey effectively.

D. The ecosystem contains too much biomass.

E. Energy is lost from each trophic level.

16. Photosynthesis and respiration belong to which cycle?

a) Nitrogen cycle

b) Carbon cycle

c) Phosphorus cycle

d) Hydrologic cycle

17. Honeyguides are African birds that excitedly lead the way to a bee’s nest, and ratels are the honey and bee eating mammals that open up and scatter the contents of the bee’s nests, allowing both the ratels and the honeyguides to feed on the contents. The relationship between the Honeyguides and the ratels is:

a)Predation

b)Competition

c)Commensalism

d)Mutualism

e)Parasitism

18. Close interaction between organisms of different species over an extended period of time, in which one individual benefits while the other individual neither benefits nor is harmed by the relationship, is know as:

a)Predation

b)Competition

c)Commensalism

d)Mutualism

e)Parasitism

19. The greenhouse effect is:

a)The result of an excess of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

b)A natural phenomenon that maintains Earth’s temperature range

c)The result of the differences in the angle of the sun’s rays

d)An unnatural phenomenon that causes heat energy to be radiated back into the atmosphere

20. During a long period when there is no rainfall, a mountain lion may temporarily leave its usual hunting territory to drink from a farm pond. This behavior is probably due to

a)Its need to find different foods to eat

b)The change in an abiotic factor in its environment

c)Its need to find a new habitat

d)The change in a biotic factor in its environment

21. Which may be a secondary or tertiary consumer?

a) Decomposer

b) Herbivore

c) Detritovore

d) Autotroph

e) Carnivore

22. The pattern of dispersal of individuals with in an area is the:

a) Population density

b) Population distribution

c) Carrying capacity

d) Intrinsic rate of reproduction

e) Limiting factors

23. A food chain for a prairie could be as follows: grass, rabbit, snake, hawk. The snake represents which of the following?

a)Autotroph

b)Secondary consumer or second trophic level

c)Tertiary consumer or third trophic level

d)Herbivore

e)Primary consumer or first trophic level

An ecologist studied the number of organisms in an area over a three year period and obtained the following results:

For the following questions (24-25) , pick from the following choices

a)increase in owl population

b)decrease in owl population

c)migration of coyotes into area

d)decrease in number of producers in area

24. What is the best explanation for the decrease in rabbit population from year 1 to year 2?

25. What is best explanation for decrease in rabbit population from year 2 to year 3?

26. There are 150 Saguaro cacti plants per square kilometer in a certain area of Arizona desert. To which population characteristic does this information refer?

a)Growth rate

b)Geographic distribution

c)Age structure

d)Population density

27. The symbiotic relationship between a flower and the insect that feeds on its nectar is an example of:

a)Mutualism because the flower provides the insect with food, and the insect pollinates the flower

b)Parasitism because the insect lives off the nectar from the flower

c)Commensalism because the insect doesn’t harm the flower and the flower doesn’t benefit from the relationship

d)Predation because the insect feeds on the flower

28. A) What happens when a cold front meets a warm front? What weather is formed?

B) What happens when a warm front meets a cold front? What weather is formed?

29. When considering water circulation in the ocean, what is thermohaline circulation and how does it work? What 2 factors affect water circulation and how?

30.

A)What is the producer in this food web?

B)What feeding type is the Grasshopper?

C)What feeding type is the Fox?

D)What would happen to the food web if the mouse went extinct?

E)What would happen if the population of the snake population increased in size?

F)Would the frog population going extinct affect the food web and the other animals in it? If so, how?