Bullinger S Companion Bible Notes Leviticus (E.W. Bullinger)
《Bullinger’s Companion Bible Notes – Leviticus》(E.W. Bullinger)
Commentator
Ethelbert William Bullinger AKC (December 15, 1837 - June 6, 1913) was an Anglican clergyman, Biblical scholar, and ultradispensationalist theologian.
He was born in Canterbury, Kent, England, the youngest of five children of William and Mary (Bent) Bullinger. His family traced their ancestry back to Heinrich Bullinger, the Swiss Reformer.
His formal theological training was at King's College London from 1860-1861, earning an Associate's degree. After graduation, on October 15, 1861, he married Emma Dobson, thirteen years his senior. He later received a Doctor of Divinity degree in 1881 from Archibald Campbell Tait, Archbishop of Canterbury who cited Bullinger's "eminent service in the Church in the department of Biblical criticism."
Bullinger's career in the Church of England spanned 1861 until 1888. He began as associate curate in the parish of St. Mary Magdalene, Bermondsey in 1861, and was ordained as a priest in the Church of England in 1862. He served as parish curate in Tittleshall from 1863-1866; Notting Hill from 1866-1869; Leytonstone, 1869-1870; then Walthamstow until he became vicar of the newly established parish of St. Stephen's in 1874. He resigned his vicarage in 1888.
In the spring of 1867, Bullinger became clerical secretary of the Trinitarian Bible Society, a position he would hold till his death in 1913. Bullinger was editor of a monthly journal Things to Come subtitled A Journal of Biblical Literature, with Special Reference to Prophetic Truth. The Official Organ of Prophetic Conferences for over 20 years (1894-1915) and contributed many articles.
Introduction
Lev
LEVITICUS.
THE STRUCTURE OF THE BOOK AS A WHOLE.
Leviticus 1:1 - Leviticus 7:38. THE OFFERINGS AND THEIR LAWS.
Leviticus 8:1 - Leviticus 10:20. PRIESTHOOD.
Leviticus 11:1 - Leviticus 15:33. CEREMONIAL LAWS (Promulgation).
Leviticus 16:1-34. ISRAEL""S FAST (Day of Atonement).
Leviticus 17:1-16. THE OFFERINGS AND THEIR REQUIREMENTS.
Leviticus 18:1 - Leviticus 20:27. CEREMONIAL LAWS (Penalties).
Leviticus 21:1 - Leviticus 23:33. PRIESTHOOD.
Leviticus 23:1 - Leviticus 25:55. JEHOVAH""S FEASTS.
Leviticus 26:1 - Leviticus 27:34. THE OFFERINGS AND THEIR CHARGES.
TITLE, Moses. See Appdx-2.
Leviticus. From the Sept. and Vulg., because thought to be pertaining to the Levites. The Heb. name = vayyikra, being the first word = "And He called". Leviticus, therefore, is the Book relating to worship:for only those whom God thus calls does He seek to worship Him. John 4:23, and cp. Psalms 65:4, "Blessed is the man whom Thou choosest, and causest to approach unto Thee, that he may dwell in Thy courts." All its types relate to worship, as those of Exodus relate to Redemption. The Holy Spirit is not once named, though referred to in all the other books of the Pentateuch, because all here relates to Christ; and it is the Spirit""s work to glorify Christ (John 16:14). The whole of Lev., and Numbers 1:1 - Numbers 10:10, come between the first day of the first month and the twentieth day of the second month (cp. Numbers 10:11), on the hypothesis that Israel would forthwith advance and enter the land.
Leviticus 1:1 - Leviticus 7:38. THE OFFERINGS AND THEIR LAWS.
Leviticus 1:1-2. Introduction (General).
Leviticus 1:3-17. Burnt Offerings.
Leviticus 2:1-16. Meal Offerings. The
Leviticus 3:1-17. Peace Offerings. Offerings.
Leviticus 4:1 - Leviticus 6:7. Sin Offerings.
Leviticus 6:8-13. Burnt Offerings.
Leviticus 6:14-23. Meal Offerings. The Law of
Leviticus 6:24 - Leviticus 7:10. Sin Offerings. the Offerings.
Leviticus 7:11-34. Peace Offerings.
Leviticus 7:35-38. Conclusion (Particular).
Leviticus 6:24 - Leviticus 7:10. THE LAW OF THE SIN OFFERING.
Leviticus 7:25-30 THE LAW OF THE SIN OFFERING.
Leviticus 8:1 - Leviticus 10:20. PRIESTHOOD.
Leviticus 8:1-36. Consecration.
Leviticus 9:1-24. Ministration.
Leviticus 10:1-20. Transgression.
Leviticus 8:1-36. CONSECRATION.
Leviticus 8:1-3. Command.
Leviticus 8:4-30. Obedience.
Leviticus 8:31-35. Command.
Leviticus 8:36. Obedience.
Leviticus 8:4-30. OBEDIENCE.
Leviticus 8:4-9. Investiture of Aaron.
Leviticus 8:10-12. Anointing of Tabernacle and Aaron.
Leviticus 8:13. Investiture of Aaron""s sons.
Leviticus 8:14-30. Offerings for Aaron and his sons.
Leviticus 8:1 - Leviticus 9:1-24. MINISTRATION.
Leviticus 8:1-4 -. Command.
-, Leviticus 8:4. Appearing of Jehovah promised.
Leviticus 8:5-6 -. Obedience.
-, Leviticus 8:6. Appearing of glory promised.
Leviticus 8:7-23 -. Command and obedience.
-, Leviticus 8:23-24. Appearing of glory of Jehovah.
Leviticus 10:1-20. TRANSGRESSION.
Lev Leviticus 10:1-7. Disobedience (positive sin).
Lev Leviticus 10:8-11. Command (as to holy and unclean).
Lev Leviticus 10:12-15. Command (as to meal offering).
Lev Leviticus 10:16-20. Disobedience (negative failure).
Leviticus 11:1 - Leviticus 15:33. CEREMONIAL LAW.
Leviticus 11:1-47. Food and defilement.
Leviticus 12:1-8. Child-bearing.
Leviticus 13:1 - Leviticus 14:57. Leprosy.
Leviticus 15:1-33. Issues.
Leviticus 11:1-47. FOOD AND DEFILEMENT.
Leviticus 11:1-23. Food.
Leviticus 11:24-47. Defilement.
Leviticus 11:1-3. FOOD.
Leviticus 11:1-8. Beasts (pos., Leviticus 11:1-3; neg., Leviticus 11:4-8.
Leviticus 11:9-12. Water animals (pos., Leviticus 11:9; neg., Leviticus 11:10-12.
Leviticus 11:13-19. Flying animals.
Leviticus 11:20-23. Creeping or swarming animals (neg.,
Leviticus 11:20; pos., Leviticus 11:21-22; neg., Leviticus 11:23.
Leviticus 11:24-47. DEFILEMENT.
Leviticus 11:24-25. Command.
Leviticus 11:26-43. Clean and unclean.
Leviticus 11:44-45. Command.
Leviticus 11:46-47. Clean and unclean.
Leviticus 12:1-8. CHILD-BEARING.
Leviticus 12:1-5. Ordinances.
Leviticus 12:6-8. Offerings.
Leviticus 12:1-5. ORDINANCES.
Leviticus 12:1-2 -. Man child.
-, Leviticus 12:2-3. Separation (seven days) Forty
Leviticus 12:4. Continuance (thirty-three days) days.
Leviticus 12:5 -. Maid child.
-, Leviticus 12:5 -. Separation (fourteen days) Eighty
-, Leviticus 12:5. Continuance (sixty-six days) days.
Leviticus 13:1-14. LEPROSY.
Leviticus 13:1-46. Leprosy in man.
Leviticus 13:47-57. In a garment.
Leviticus 13:58. Cleansing of garment.
Leviticus 13:59. Law for garment.
Leviticus 14:1-32. Law of Leprosy.
Leviticus 14:33-47. In a house.
Leviticus 14:48-53. Cleansing of house.
Leviticus 14:54-57. Law for all cases.
Lev15. ISSUES.
Leviticus 15:1-12. Men.
Leviticus 15:13-18. Their cleansing.
Leviticus 15:19-27. Women.
Leviticus 15:28-33. Their cleansing.
Leviticus 16:1-34. ISRAEL""S FAST.
Leviticus 16:1-2. Times for entering into the Vail (Neg.).
Leviticus 16:3. For himself alone.
Leviticus 16:4. Garments put on.
Leviticus 16:5. Two goats and ram (people).
Leviticus 16:6. For himself (bullock).
Leviticus 16:7-10. Two goats (people).
Leviticus 16:11-14. For himself (bullock).
Leviticus 16:15-22. Two goats (people).
Leviticus 16:23. Garments changed.
Leviticus 16:24-28. For himself and people.
Leviticus 16:29-34. Time for entering within the Vail (Pos.).
Leviticus 17:1-16. THE OFFERINGS AND THEIR REQUIREMENTS.
Leviticus 17:1-9. The appointed place.
Leviticus 17:10-16. The appointed food.
Leviticus 17:1-9. UNLAWFUL PLACES..
Leviticus 18:1 - Leviticus 20:27. CEREMONIAL LAWS.
Leviticus 18:1-18. Unlawful connections
Leviticus 18:19-30. Unlawful lusts.
Leviticus 19:1-37. Unlawful practices.
Leviticus 20:1-27. Unlawful defilements.
Leviticus 18:19-30. UNLAWFUL LUSTS.
Leviticus 18:19-24 -. Commands.
-, Leviticus 18:24-25. Reason.
Leviticus 18:26. Command.
Leviticus 18:27-29. Reason.
Leviticus 18:30. Command.
Leviticus 19:1-37. UNLAWFUL PRACTICES.
Leviticus 19:1-8. Sundry commands and prohibitions.
Leviticus 19:9-10. Gleanings.
Leviticus 19:11-22. Sundry commands and prohibitions.
Leviticus 19:23-25. Firstfruits.
Leviticus 19:26-37. Sundry commands and prohibitions.
Leviticus 20:1-27. UNLAWFUL DEFILEMENT.
Leviticus 20:1-6. Molech and witchcraft.
Leviticus 20:7. Sanctification.
Leviticus 20:8. Charge as to obedience.
Leviticus 20:9. Death penalty:cursing parents.
Leviticus 20:10-21. Death penalty:criminal connections.
Leviticus 20:22-25. Charge as to obedience.
Leviticus 20:26. Sanctification.
Leviticus 20:27. Witchcraft.
Leviticus 22:1-16. DEFILEMENTS (UNCLEANNESS).
Leviticus 22:1-2 -. General.
-, Leviticus 22:2. Reason.
Leviticus 22:3 -. Uncleanness.
-, Leviticus 22:3. Reason.
Leviticus 22:4-8 -. Leprous, &c.
-, Leviticus 22:8. Reason.
Leviticus 22:9-16 -. Strangers.
-, Leviticus 22:16. Reason.
Leviticus 22:17-33. OFFERINGS.
Leviticus 22:17-18 -. General charge.
-, Leviticus 22:18-21. Burnt offerings and Peace offerings.
Leviticus 22:22-25. Offerings; their perfection.
Leviticus 22:26-28. Offerings; their age.
Leviticus 22:29-30. Meal offerings.
Leviticus 22:31-33. General charge.
Leviticus 23:1 - Leviticus 26:3. JEHOVAH""S FEASTS.
Leviticus 23:1-44. Weekly and annual.
Leviticus 24:1-9. Repetitions from Exodus.
Leviticus 24:10-23. Episode of blasphemer.
Leviticus 25:1-55. Sabbatic and jubilee.
Leviticus 26:1-2. Repetitions from Exodus.
Leviticus 23:1-44. WEEKLY AND ANNUAL FEASTS.
Leviticus 23:1-2. General charge.
Leviticus 23:3. Seventh day (sabbath rest).
Leviticus 23:4. General charge.
Leviticus 23:5-8. Passover.
Leviticus 23:9-14. Unleaven bread.
Leviticus 23:15-21. Pentecost.
Leviticus 23:22. Harvest.
Leviticus 23:23-25. Trumpets.
Leviticus 23:26-32. Atonement.
Leviticus 23:33-36. Tabernacles.
Leviticus 23:37-38. General charge.
Leviticus 23:39-43. Seventh month. (Booths.)
Leviticus 23:44. General charge.
Leviticus 25:1-55. SABBATIC AND JUBILEE YEARS.
Leviticus 25:1-2. The sabbatic year.
Leviticus 25:3-7. The six years.
Leviticus 25:8-13. The jubilee year.
Leviticus 25:14-55. The forty-nine years.
Leviticus 25:14-55. THE FORTY-NINE YEARS.
Leviticus 25:14-19. Goods.
Leviticus 25:20-22. Case of want.
Leviticus 25:23-24. Land.
Leviticus 25:25-28. Case of poverty.
Leviticus 25:36-38. Money.
Leviticus 25:39-41. Cases of poverty.
Leviticus 25:42-46. Bondage.
Leviticus 25:47-55. Cases of poverty.
Leviticus 25:14-19. PARTING WITH GOODS.
Leviticus 26:3= Leviticus 27:34. THE OFFERINGS AND THEIR CHARGES IN MOUNT SINAI.
Leviticus 26:3-46. Jehovah""s charge to the offerings.
Leviticus 27:1-34. The offerers"" vows to Jehovah.
Leviticus 26:3-46. JEHOVAH""S CHARGE.
Leviticus 26:3. The People. Obedience.
Leviticus 26:4-13. Blessings.
Leviticus 26:14-15. Disobedience.
Leviticus 26:16-17. Punishment.
Leviticus 26:18 -. Disobedience.
-, Leviticus 26:21-22. Punishment.
Leviticus 26:23. Disobedience.
Leviticus 26:24-26. Punishment.
Leviticus 26:27. Disobedience.
Leviticus 26:28-39. Punishment.
Leviticus 26:40-41. The People. Punishment.
Leviticus 26:42-46. Blessings.
01 Chapter 1
Verse 1
AND. This connects Leviticus very closely with Exodus, as Exodus is linked with Genesis.
the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. Whose glory filled the tabernacle, Exodus 40:35. No other book contains so many words of Jehovah: "Jehovah spake", thirty-six times (see note on Leviticus 5:14); "I am Jehovah", twenty-one times; "I am Jehovah your God", twenty-one times; "I (Jehovah) am", three times; "I, Jehovah, do", twice.
called. The last letter of this word (in Hebrew) is minuscular, i.e. smaller than the others. This callingis in contrast with the thunders from Sinai.
spake. See note on Leviticus 5:14.
out of the tabernacle of the congregation. Hebrew out of the tent of assembly: Hebrew. "ohel. See App-40, not mishkan, therefore before 1491. There are four such calls: (1) from the burning bush (Exodus 3:4); (2) and (3) from Sinai (Exodus 19:3, Exodus 19:20); and here.
Verse 2
children = sons.
say. Compare note on Jeremiah 7:22, Jeremiah 7:23.
man. Hebrew. "adam (App-14), i.e. a descendant of Adam, not the priests.
offering. Hebrew. korban, admittance, entrance, or access offering. See App-43. All the offerings were what God had first given to man; only such can be accepted by Him.
Verse 3
Jehovah begins with the burnt offering and ends with the sin offering: we, in our approach, begin with the sin offering and end with the burnt offering.
burnt sacrifice. Hebrew. "olah. See App-43.
male. A female permitted in some other offerings, but not here, because of the type. Christ not the sinbearer here, as in Leviticus 4.
without blemish. Hebrew. tamim, said of all sacrifices, and the same of Noah, Genesis 6:9.
his own voluntary will. Not the same as a freewill offering. This not a freewill offering. Hebrew here = "to be accepted for him", i.e. in his stead. Compare Leviticus 1:4. Compare Exodus 28:38. Exodus 19:5; Exodus 22:19, Exodus 22:20, Exodus 22:29; Exodus 23:11, There was a double transfer: the unworthiness of the offerer was transferred to the victim; and the acceptableness of the offering was transferred to the offerer. This is confined to the burnt offerings and peace offerings; never with the sin offerings.
Verse 4
And. Note the Figure of speech Polysyndeton (App-6) in verses: Leviticus 1:4-9.
put. Hebrew lean, place, or press. It could not be done by proxy. This was all that the sinner could do. It was for God to accept.
make atonement. Hebrew. kaphar, to cover the sinner and his sin, so that neither is seen. See note on Exodus 29:33. No such thing as progress in justification.
Verse 5
he. The sacrificer himself killed: the priest received the blood.
the priests, Aaron"s sons. Hebrew = the sons of Aaron, the priests. Occurs seven times: Leviticus 1:5, Leviticus 1:8, Leviticus 1:11; Leviticus 2:2; Leviticus 3:2. Numbers 10:8. Joshua 21:19.
sprinkle = dash. Hebrew throw or jerk.
door = entrance.
Verse 6
flay = have it flayed. Skin not offered with burnt offering, only with the sin offering.
cut it . . . pieces. To show that all was without blemish.
Verse 7
priest. Some codices, with Samaritan Pentateuch, Targum of Onkelos, Septuagint, and Syriac, read plural, "priests".
wood = logs. No other fuel might be used.
Verse 8
in order. Because with the future Antitype all was to be in order.
Verse 9
he. Samaritan Pentateuch, Septuagint, and Vulg, read "they".
wash. To render the sacrifice like the Antitype. Compare Ephesians 6:26, all in order of God"s word.
burn. Hebrew. katar. See App-43.
offering. Hebrew. "ishsheh. App-43.
sweet savour = a savour of satisfaction. Compare Genesis 8:21.
Verse 15
the priest. To make up for the humble offering, the priest did this instead of the offerer.
Verse 16
02 Chapter 2
Verse 1
any = soul. Hebrew. nephesh, as in Leviticus 4:2. See App-13.
offer. Hebrew. karab. See App-43. [bring near, or, to draw near]
a = an approach offering of. Hebrew. korban. See App-43. [a gift, or an admittance-offering].
meat offering. Better, "an oblation of a meal offering". Hebrew. minchah. See App-43.
his offering. Hebrew his korban. See App-43.
fine flour. Not merely ground, but perfect and ready, no unevenness. So with the life of the Antitype, "the Man Christ Jesus". Flour is to the wheat what blood is to the body; and pneuma is to the resurrection body.
oil. Flour mixed with oil, and then oil poured on it. So Christ"s life permeated and actuated by the Holy Spirit.
frankincense. This ascended to God as a sweet savour.
Verse 2
Aaron"s sons. See on Leviticus 1:5.
burn. Hebrew. katar. See App-43.
memorial: i.e. to remind. Compare Psalms 20:3. Acts 10:4.
offering. Hebrew. "ishsheh. App-43.
sweet savour. See note on Leviticus 1:9.
Verse 3
most holy. Two classes of seven holy things: three holy, four most holy. (1) Holy = thank offerings, Leviticus 23:20. Numbers 6:20. Firstborn, Numbers 18:17. Firstfruits, Leviticus 2:12. (2) The most holy = The incense, Exodus 30:36. Shew-bread, Leviticus 24:9. Sin and trespass offering, Leviticus 6:25-29; Leviticus 7:1, Leviticus 7:6; Leviticus 14:13, &c. And the Meal offering, here.
Verse 4
oblation = present. Hebrew. korban. See App-43. The only word rendered oblation, except Isaiah 40:20. Ezekiel 44:30; Ezekiel 45:1, Ezekiel 45:6, Ezekiel 45:7, Ezekiel 45:13, Ezekiel 45:16; Ezekiel 48:9, Ezekiel 48:10, Ezekiel 48:12, Ezekiel 48:18, Ezekiel 48:20, Ezekiel 48:21, where it is Hebrew. terumah (heave offering). See App-43and Daniel 2:46; Daniel 9:21, Daniel 9:27, where it is Hebrew. minchah. App-43.
baken. Type of the sufferings and trials of the Antitype, "tried as by fire".
Verse 5
pan = a flat plate or griddle. Compare Ezekiel 4:3.
Verse 11
leaven. See App-38.
honey. Leaven is fermentation, and honey or any sweet liquor is the cause of it. These two things forbidden because there was no error or corruption in the Antitype. All was Divine perfection. Nothing therefore which answers to leaven may be in our sacrifice of praise now.
Verse 12
burnt. Hebrew. "alah = ascend. See App-43.
Verse 13
salt. First occurrence. Salt was, and is, the great antiseptic, preventing fermentation. As leaven and honey were forbidden in sacrifices, so salt is prescribed, because, when partaken of by the two parties, it made the covenant inviolable.
salt of the covenant. See note on Numbers 18:19. 2 Chronicles 13:5. Salt denotes an indissoluble alliance. In Ezra 4:14 = obligations of loyalty.
God. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4.
offerings. Hebrew. minchah. App-43.
Verse 14
beaten. Same type as baken, Leviticus 2:4.
03 Chapter 3
Verse 1
oblation. Hebrew. korban. See on Leviticus 2:4 and App-43.
sacrifice. Hebrew. zebach. See App-43.
peace offering. Hebrew. shelem. App-43.
offer it = bring near. Hebrew. karab. App-43.
female. The burnt offering must be a Malachi 1:3, Malachi 1:10.
the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4.
Verse 2
offering. Hebrew. korban. App-43.
door = entrance.
tabernacle of the congregation = tent ("ohel) of meeting or assembly. App-40.
Aaron"s sons. See note on Leviticus 1:5.
Verse 3
he = the offerer, not the priest.
offering. Hebrew. "ishsheh. App-43.
Verse 5
burn = burn as incense. Hebrew. katar. App-43.
sweet savour = savour of satisfaction. See note on Genesis 8:21.
Verse 6
offering. Hebrew. korban. App-43.
sacrifice. Hebrew. sebach. App-43.
peace offering. Hebrew. shelem. App-43.
Verse 7
offer = bring. Hebrew. karab. App-43.
lamb: better "sheep", as in Leviticus 1:10; Leviticus 7:23; Leviticus 22:19, Leviticus 22:27, &c.
Verse 9
offering made by fire. Hebrew "isseh. App-43.
whole rump = the fat tail entire. Leviticus 7:3; Leviticus 8:25; Leviticus 9:19. Exodus 29:22.
Verse 11
food. Hebrew "bread", put by Figure of speech Synecdoche (of Species), App-6, for food in general. Compare Leviticus 21:6, Leviticus 21:8, Leviticus 21:17, Leviticus 21:21, Leviticus 21:22. Numbers 28:2.
Verse 16
sweet savour. A savour of satisfaction. Some codices, with Samaritan Pentateuch and Septuagint, add "unto Jehovah".
Verse 17
a perpetual statute, &c. Hebrew "a statute for ever, throughout your generations, in all your dwellings". This important phrase occurs only four times, Leviticus 3:17; Leviticus 23:14, Leviticus 23:21 (inverted), 31.
04 Chapter 4
Verse 1
spake. Introducing new class: non savour offerings. The sweet savour offerings introduced by the word "called". See note on Leviticus 5:14.
Verse 2
children. Hebrew sons.
soul. Hebrew. nephesh. See App-13. Not as in the burnt offering; no voluntary offering here.
ignorance. If man cannot know what sin is, how can he know how to put it away? If he know not his own sin, how can he know or put away that of others?
Verse 3
the priest that is anointed. This phrase is confined to Lev. (Leviticus 4:3, Leviticus 4:5, Leviticus 4:16; Leviticus 6:22) four times. In other portions of the Pentateuch it is "high priest" or "great priest" (Leviticus 21:10. Numbers 35:25, Numbers 35:28, and in Joshua 20:6), after this it is "chief priest" (2 Kings 25:18. 2 Chronicles 19:11; 2 Chronicles 26:20; 2 Chronicles 31:10. Ezra 7:5. Hag. and Zech.)
do sin. Hebrew. chat"a. App-44.
the sin. Hebrew. "asham. See App-44.
his sin . . . sinned. Hebrew. chat"a. App-44.
sin offering. Hebrew. chat"a."Offering" not in Hebrew; rightly supplied here, as it should be in Genesis 4:7.
Verse 4
door = entrance.
tabernacle of the congregation = tent of assembly.
Verse 6
sprinkle. Hebrew throw, or splash.
seven times. The number of spiritual perfection. See App-10.
before. Not in the Hebrew. On vail or floor. Explanatory of previous sentence. Or, may = before the LORD, by Figure of speech Metonymy (App-6.)
vail. Type of the perfect humanity of Christ. No avail for purposes of atonement without blood. We are saved by His death, not by His life (Ephesians 2:13).
Verse 7
before. A various reading called Sevir has "which is before". See App-34.
all = all the remaining blood.
Verse 8
fat = the best or choicest part, Leviticus 3:3.
Verse 9
caul, or the network.
Verse 10
As = according as.
burn. Hebrew. saraph. See App-43; and note that it is not the word used for burning incense, which is katar. App-43.