Biology 2Name:
Brain, Neuron Structure, and SensesReview
Cells are specialized for different functions in multicellular organisms. In animals, one unique kind of cell helps organisms survive by collecting information and sending messages throughout the body. The shapes and features of neurons, which are the primary cells in the nervous system, enable animals to experience all of the five senses; find food, mates, and shelter; and to survive in their diverse environments.
Questions 1-5:Parts of a Neuron
- Model 1 is an illustration of two neurons. Match letters on the neurons in the diagram with the following structures:
- Cell body:
- Axon:
- Cell nucleus:
- Synapse:
- Dendrites:
- Which structure(s) on the neuron in Model 1 would receive a signal from either a sensory cell (taste bud, touch receptor) or from another neuron?
- Which direction would a nerve impulse move if a message were being sent through the two neurons?
- The nerve impulse would use sodium and potassium to send the information: the sodium would the cell and the potassium would the cell. After the impulse was sent the membrane would have to set up the gradient of sodium and potassium again by pumping the ions back to their original location.
- How would the impulse (or action potential) pass the synapse (or gap) between nerve cell A and nerve cell B?
- What is the purpose of the myelin sheath?
Questions 7- 13. Use the following brain diagram to answer the questions.Match the following structures and their functions and then choose the correct letter off the diagram. You may use the names once, more than once, or not at all.
Functions / Structures / Brain diagram- Auditory area
- Primary sensory cortex
- Motor cortex
- Motor speech area
- Visual area
- Controls heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, etc
- Primarily regulates and coordinates muscular activity
- List and explain the three general functions of the nervous system.
- List and describe the two principal divisions of the peripheral nervous system and their subdivisions
Questions 16- 22. Use the following diagram to answer the questions. Match the following structures and their functions and then choose the correct letter off the diagram.
Functions / Structures / Eye Diagram /- White of the eye
- Blood rich tunic that contains dark pigment
- The transparent layer forming the front of the eye
- Flexible biconvex crystal-like structure
- Colored portion of the eye
- Rounded opening through which light passes
- Contains millions of photoreceptors for vision