Body Systems Notes

Organ system / Major organs / Function
Nervous System
/ Organs
Brain:
  • ______information from ______
3 Parts of the Brain:
  1. ______- main part of the brain; controls thinking and the 5 senses, etc.
  2. ______- At back of the head; controls muscles and balance
  3. ______- Connects brain to spinal cord; controls involuntary actions such as breathing, heartbeat, etc.
Spinal cord:
  • ______are sent to the brain ______
  • ______that skip the spinal cord and go straight to the brain
Nerves:
  • ______throughout the body
/ Functions
  • ______messenger system
  • Sends messages as ______
______

Central Nervous System (CNS)
•Brain and Spinal Cord
•______functions
•Heart rate
•Breathing
•Hormone Release
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
•______the central nervous system
•______from CNS
Circulatory System
/ Organs
Heart:
Blood: RBCs, WBCs, platelets (aid in blood clotting), plasma.
  • Hemoglobin–
Blood vessels:
  • Arteries:
  • Veins:
  • Capillaries:
/ Functions
Transport system
  1. ______: Moves oxygen and nutrients to the cells
  2. ______: Carries carbon dioxide and other wastes away from the cells

Digestive System
/ Organs
Mouth
•The enzyme ______breaks down carbohydrates into simple sugars
Esophagus – muscular tube
Stomach
•______is an enzyme that breaks down proteins
•Digested food is called ______
SmallIntestine
•Chime is ______into the bloodstream
LargeIntestine
•______from chime
Rectum
•Solid food travels out of the body
Anus / Functions
•Chemically and physically ______
•______into essential nutrients that are absorbed into the bloodstream
•Nutrients are ______
Respiratory System

/ Organs
Nose
Trachea - ______
Larynx - ______
Lungs
Aveoli - Site of ______
______(inflatable sacs)
Bronchi - Two large ______
Diaphragm – The ______under the lungs.It contracts and relaxes to ______in and out of lungs / Functions
Respire = to breathe
  • ______: Delivering oxygen to the body (inhale) and removing carbon dioxide from the body (exhale)
  • Gases are carried within the blood (______)

Endocrine System
/ Organs
  • Pituitary gland – ______
  • Thyroid gland – ______hormone ______to regulate metabolism.
  • Adrenal (kidney) – ______in response to physical or emotional stress. Flight or fight.
  • Testes (in males) – ______used in sperm production and male traits
  • Ovaries (in females) – ______used in egg production and female traits
  • Pancreas – ______to regulate sugar in bloodstream.
/ Functions
•______release ______into the bloodstream to ______body functionssuch growth, reproduction, and metabolism.
  • ______of the body. (Hormones are SLOW)
  • Regulates and coordinates the body functions by means of chemical messengers called hormones that are released into blood (circulatory system).

Integumentary System
/ Organs
Skin – ______
Sweat glands
Nails
Hair / Functions
Integument = a covering
  • ______– protects from injury, infection, and UV rays (thermal damage).Protects body’s internal tissues and organs.
  • ______body temperature through sweat (heat regulation) and ______wastes through perspiration (sweat)
  • Prevents loss of body fluids (dehydration)

Skeletal System
/ Organs
Bones
Joints:
  • Connect ______by ligaments.
  • ______are tough bands of tissue that hold bones together
Tendons
  • Connect ______
______/ Functions
  • Bones are the ______for the body providing its shape
  • ______ for internal organs
  • Blood cell production
  • Made in ______
______
  • Stores______and
______
Muscular System / Organs
Skeletal– ______(thick bends of tissue that pull on the bone when muscle contracts).
Smooth - ______
______
Cardiac - ______
/ Functions
  • Enable the body to move
Voluntary muscles
  • ______
  • Arms, legs, hands, and face
Involuntary muscles
  • ______
  • They move automatically
  • Cardiac muscles, stomach, intestines

Immune/Lymphatic System / Organs
WBCs
Spleen – ______
Lymph nodes – ______
______from dead cells, antigens before returning it to the blood stream
Thymus – near heart – where ___
______(mature)
Lymph – fluid that ______
______of blood – between cells
Lymphatic vessels – ______lymph and ______it to bloodstream
Bone marrow – ______
______/ Functions
•Fight off diseases caused by pathogens
•First Line of Defense
•Skin
•Saliva in mouth
•Hair and mucus in breathing passages
•______– traps and kills most pathogens
•Second Line of Defense (Widespread)
•______
______
•WBC fighting infection (antigens)
•Third Line of Defense (Specific)
•______
•WBC, T cells, and lymphocytes recognize a virus and activate B-Cells
Reproductive
FEMALE

MALE
/ Organs
Female:
Ovary – produces egg (ova) = ______and hormones estrogen and progesterone.
Uterus – site of implantation;______the embryo, fetus, baby
Fallopian tubes – ______the egg from the ovary and ______it to the uterus. Site of fertilization.
Vagina – allows ______of sperm and ______of baby at birth.
Male:
Penis – places sperm inside the female body
Testis – produces sperm = ______; produces hormone ______. / Function
  • To ______the ______the______
  • To ______= sex cells
  • To ______the developing offspring

Excretory System
/ Organs
Kidneys:______from blood
Ureters – tubes that lead from each ______
Bladder- muscular organ (sac) that ______(liquid waste)
Urethra – tube that ______
______from the bladder out of the body / Functions
Excrete = to get rid of = REMOVE
Maintains ______by:
  • ______blood of LIQUID wastes such as urine and sweat.
  • ______by removing extra fluid=water produced by cells.