Anatomy

Final Exam

Study Guide

Body Regions – Chapter 1

  • Be able to identify the orientation and directional terms, pg. 13
  • be able to identify the regional terms used to designate specific body regions, pg. 14
  • know the body planes, pg. 16
  • know the body cavities, pg. 17

Tissues – Chapter 4

  • Be able to identify and describe primary function of the epithelial tissues
  • simple, stratified, squamous, cuboidal, columnar (classification of epithelial)
  • simple squamous, simple cuboidal epithelium, simple columnar, pseudostratified columnar, stratified squamous
  • Be able to identify and describe the primary function of connective tissue
  • connective tissue proper (fibrocyte)
  • cartilage (chondrocyte)
  • osseous (bone) (osteocyte)
  • blood (leukocytes, erythrocytes, macrophages)
  • Be able to identify and describe the primary function of nervous tissue
  • neurons
  • Be able to identify and describe the primary function of muscular tissue
  • skeletal
  • cardiac
  • smooth

Skeleton – Chapter 7

  • Know the difference between the axial and appendicular skeleton
  • **No skeletal processes will be covered.
  • Cranial bones:
  • parietal, temporal, occipital, frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, lacrimal, nasal, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible
  • Vertebrae:
  • cervical (including the atlas and axis), thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
  • Ribs:
  • true ribs, false ribs, floating ribs, sternum
  • Pectoral and upper limb:
  • clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
  • Pelvic and lower limb:
  • ilium, pubic, ishium, femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

Muscular system – Chapter 10

  • know the difference between origin and insertion
  • Identify the following anterior muscles: (pg. 331)
  • Facial: temporalis, masseter, orbicularisoculi, orbicularisoris, zygomaticus
  • Shoulder: trapezius, deltoid
  • arm: triceps brachii, biceps brachii, pronatorteres, brachioradialis
  • leg: rectus femoris, vastuslateralis, vastusmedialis, fibularislongus, extensor digitorumlongus, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, soleus
  • thorax: pectoralis minor, pectoralis major, intercostals
  • abdomen: rectus abdominis, oblique muscles
  • Identify the following posterior muscles: pg. 333
  • neck: trapezius
  • arm and shoulder: triceps brachii, deltoid, latissimusdorsi
  • hip: gluteus medius, gluteus maximus
  • leg: biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gastrocnemius, soleus, calcaneal

Circulatory system – Chapter 19

  • Know the chambers of the heart and arteries and veins going to and from the heart.
  • be able to trace the flow of blood through the heart from the body, to the lungs, back to the heart, and out to the body
  • Know the major arteries of the body (pg. 747)
  • ascending aorta, coronary artery, brachiocephalic, common carotid, thoracic aorta, common iliac, abdominal aorta
  • Know the major veins of the body (pg. 758)
  • superior and inferior vena cava, subclavian vein, rt and lftbrachiocephalic, internal and external jugular, common iliac

Respiratory system – Chapter 22

  • know the organs and structures of the respiratory system
  • nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, alveoli, lungs, diaphragm
  • Be able to trace flow of air into the lungs
  • Briefly describe how oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in alveoli
  • Know how the diaphragm functions to allow respiration to take place

Digestive System – Chapter 23

  • Be able to identify and match organs to function of the digestive system:
  • mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

Nervous System – Chapter 11

  • Know the difference between the CNS, PNS, autonomic and somatic
  • Be able to label a neuron
  • Be able to describe how a nerve impulse travels from a signal to causing a response