Bleeding and Shock

Chapter 8/9

The Body Functions

  • 3 conditions are needed to maintain adequate blood flow in the body:

What is Blood

  • ______consists of liquid and solid components and compromises approximately 7 percent of the body’s total weight
  • The average adult has a blood volume of between ______pints
  • The liquid part of the blood is called ______
  • The solid components include ______and ______blood cells and cell fragments called ______
  • Plasma makes up about half of the total blood volume
  • ______- the total amount of blood circulating within the body
  • Severe fatal blood loss is losing ______of blood in a short period of time
  • ______
  • Plasma maintains the blood volume needed for normal function of the circulatory system
  • Plasma also contains nutrients essential for energy production, growth and cell maintenance
  • Carries waste products for elimination
  • Transports the other blood components
  • ______
  • Are a key disease-fighting part of the immune system
  • They defend the body against invading microorganisms, or pathogens
  • They also aid in producing antibodies that help the body resist infection
  • ______
  • Account for most of the solid components of the blood
  • Transport oxygen from the lungs to the body cells and carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs
  • Red blood cells out number white blood cells about 1000 to 1
  • ______
  • Disk-shaped structures in the blood that are made up of cell fragments
  • An essential part of the blood’s clotting mechanism because of their tendency to bind together
  • Functions of Blood
  • ______oxygen, nutrients, and wastes
  • ______against disease and bacteria by producing antibodies and defending against pathogens
  • ______body temperature by circulating throughout the body
  • ______
  • Blood is channeled through blood vessels
  • The major types are:
  • ______- Large blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood AWAY from the heart to the rest of the body
  • ______- Microscopic blood vessels linking arteries and veins; transporting oxygen and other nutrients from the blood to all body cells and remove waste products
  • ______-Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from all parts of the body back to the heart

When Bleeding Occurs

  • Our body reacts by:
  • ______- large amount of blood loss
  • The ______, ______, and ______immediately attempt to compensate for blood loss to maintain the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the body tissues– particularly the vital organs
  • The brain recognizes a blood shortage, signals the heart to circulate more blood and to constrict more blood vessels in the extremities
  • The brain signals the lungs to work harder, providing more oxygen
  • Platelets also collect at the wound site in an effort to stop blood loss through ______

External Bleeding

  • Bleeding that can be seen coming from a wound
  • Occurs when a blood vessel is opened externally, such as though a tear in the skin
  • Each type of blood vessel bleeds differently
  • ______bleeding are rapid, severe, and pulses with heart beat- ______
  • ______bleeding is a ______; ______
  • ______bleeding is slow and ______; ______
  • Most external bleeding can be controlled with pressure
  • Care
  • ______- pressure applied on a wound to control bleeding
  • By a gloved hand or bandage
  • Pressure placed on a wound restricts the blood flow through the wound and allows normal clotting to occur
  • ______- the process by which blood thickens at a wound site to seal a hole or tear in a blood vessel and stops bleeding
  • Pressure on a wound can be maintained by applying a bandage snugly to the injured area
  • ______- a bandage applied snugly to create pressure on a wound to aid on control bleeding
  • ______- if possible raise the injured area about the heart- gravity helps slow blood flow
  • ______- areas in the body where arteries pass over bones
  • ______- upper arm between bicep and tricep
  • ______- upper inner thigh area
  • Preventing Disease Transmission
  • ______contact with blood and other body fluids.
  • Wear disposable ______
  • ______any cuts, scrapes or sores
  • ______gloves before providing care to a different victim
  • Remove disposable gloves without contacting the soiled part of the gloves and dispose of them in a proper container
  • Thoroughly ______your hands and other areas immediately after providing care
  • Use alcohol-based hand sanitizer where hand-washing facilities are not available if your hands are not visibly soiled. When practical, wash your hands before providing care
  • Signals of severe external bleeding
  • Bleeding that ______after all measures have been taken to control it
  • First Aid for External Bleeding
  • CHECK ______, then CHECK ______
  • Obtain ______
  • ______with a sterile dressing
  • Apply ______until bleeding stops
  • Cover dressing with ______
  • IF BLEEDING DOES NOT STOP
  • Apply ______dressings and bandages and ______- to apply pressure—DO NOT REMOVE BLOODY BANDAGES
  • Take steps to minimize shock, monitor ______
  • ______

Internal Bleeding

  • The escape of blood from arteries, capillaries or veins into spaces in the body
  • Severe internal bleeding can occur from injuries caused by a ______
  • May also occur when an object ______the skin and damages internal organs
  • Signals for Internal Bleeding
  • Swelling, tenderness in the injured area
  • Rapid or weak pulse
  • Skin that feels cool or looks pale
  • Nausea, vomiting
  • Excessive thirst
  • Severe headache
  • Care for Internal Bleeding
  • Depends on severity of bleeding and the site of injury
  • ______- cold ice pack
  • ______-
  • Call 9-1-1
  • Do no further harm
  • Monitor breathing and consciousness
  • Help victim feel comfortable
  • Keep temperature normal
  • Reassure the victim

Shock

  • The failure of the circulatory system to provide adequate oxygen-rich blood to all parts of the body
  • ______- shock related to trauma and illness
  • A progressive condition in which the ______system fails to circulate oxygen rich blood to all parts of the body
  • When ______do not receive ______blood- they fail to function properly
  • When more severe injuries occur the body maybe unable to adjust
  • When the body is unable to meet its demand for oxygen because blood fails to circulate adequately, shock occurs
  • ______
  • The heart beats ______and ______to adjust to the increased demand for oxygen
  • Because the heart is beating faster breathing must also speed up to meet the body’s increased demand for oxygen
  • A sudden drop of ______
  • Many things affect the severity and effect of shock on a person
  • EX: a person’s health, age, gender and personality
  • where on their body they are injured, and the environment they are in
  • Causes
  • Heart conditions--heart attack, heart failure
  • Dehydration
  • Severe allergic reaction
  • Burns
  • Common Types


  • Signals
  • Altered consciousness
  • Rapid breathing
  • Excessive thirst
  • Care
  • Make the victim as comfortable as possible
  • Keep victim’s ______normal
  • Watch consciousness, breathing rate, skin appearance
  • Have them ______on their back
  • Do not give them anything to eat or drink
  • ______legs to help circulate blood
  • UNLESS
  • Victim is nauseated or having trouble breathing
  • Has a head, neck, or spine injury
  • If moving causes pain