BIOLOGY UNIT 1 REVIEW PACKET
Scientific Method:
1. What are the steps of the scientific method in order?
2. How are observations gathered?
3. What is a hypothesis and what must it be? What is the format in which it is written?
4. What is a controlled variable?
5. What is the experimental control group?
6. What is an independent variable?
7. What is a dependent variable?
8. How many independent variables should a valid experiment have?
9. How many control variables should a valid experiment have?
10. Give an example of an experiment and list it’s independent variables, dependent variables, and control variables.
11. What is data and what two forms can it be in?
12. How is data organized?
13. What is a conclusion?
14. What must be done in order to verify the results of any experiment?
Properties of Water:
15. List and describe the properties of water we discussed.
16. What property of water is caused by the oxygen end of the water molecule being negative and the hydrogen end being positive?
17. At sea level, what is the boiling point and freezing point of pure water? (in Celsius)
18. What is an example of cohesion? Describe how this benefits living things.
19. What is an example of adhesion? Describe how this benefits living things.
20. How does high specific heat benefit living things on Earth?
21. How does high heat of vaporization benefit living things on Earth?
22. How does the fact that water is less dense as a solid benefit living things on Earth?
23. True or False: Water resists temperature change.
24. What are the two types of mixtures and describe each.
25. What is the difference between a solute and a solvent?
26. Why is water known as the universal solvent?
27. What does the pH scale measure?
28. What are the total ranges on the pH scale?
29. What are the ranges for an acid?
30. What are the ranges for a base?
31. If a solution has a higher concentration of hydroxide ions compared to hydrogen ions it would be considered a (n)______.
32. If a solution has a higher concentration of hydrogen ions compared to hydroxide ions it would be considered a(n) ______.
33. What are buffers?
Macromolecules:
34. In order for a substance to be considered organic it must contain ______.
35. List the four macromolecules with their monomers.
36. How are macromolecules formed? Draw a picture of this.
37. How are macromolecules broken down? Draw a picture of this.
38. What are the three levels of carbohydrates (based on number of sugar units)?
39. What are the functions of a carbohydrate?
40. What are the functions of a lipid?
41. What are examples of a lipid?
42. What is the difference between an unsaturated fat and a saturated fat? Which one is worse for you?
43. How are proteins held together?
44. What are the functions of a protein?
45. What are some examples of proteins?
46. What are the two types of nucleic acids?
47. What is a nucleic acid?
48. What is the function of a nucleic acid?
49. What are nucleotides made of?
50. Be able to complete the table below:
Macromolecule / Negative Result / Positive ResultCarb—Simple Sugar/Glucose (Benedict’s Solution)
Carb—Complex Sugars/Starch (Iodine
Solution)
Protein (Biuret Reagent)
Lipid/Fat (Sudan III/IV)
Lipid/Fat (Paper Bag Test)
Enzymes:
51. Enzymes are which type of macromolecule?
52. Enzymes act as a ______to accelerate reactions.
53. True or False: Enzymes are permanently changed in a reaction.
54. True or False: Enzymes are very specific for what they catalyze.
55. True or False: Enzymes are reusable.
56. What suffix do enzymes usually end in?
57. How do enzymes work?
58. What is activation energy?
59. Draw a graph showing the difference between a reaction without an enzyme present and a reaction with an enzyme present. Be sure to label everything.
60. What is a substrate?
61. What is an active site?
62. Describe the enzyme-substrate complex.
63. What is induced fit?
64. What are three factors that affect enzyme activity?
65. What are three environmental conditions that affect enzyme activity?
66. What substances increase enzymatic activity and give an example of one.
67. Describe the two types of inhibitors of enzymatic activity.