BIOLOGY SEMESTER 1 – WOW…. You learned all this stuff. In 4 months!
CHAPTER 1
1.1 What is Science?
What is science?
What isn’t science?
What about science and uncertainty and change?
Experimental design – observation, inference, prediction, hypothesis, controlled experiment, independent (manipulated) variable, dependent (responding) variable, control group, data, sources of error, conclusions, when experiments are not possible
1.2 Science in Context
Scientific attitudes of curiosity, skepticism, open-mindedness, creativity
Use of science for practical problems and technology
Peer Review in science
Scientific theory
Bias
1.3 Studying Life
Biology
Characteristics of living things –
1. genetic code
2. grow and develop
3. respond to environment
4. reproduce (2 types)
5. maintain balance (homeostasis)
6. obtain and use material and energy (metabolism)
7. made of cells
8. as a group evolve
Metric system
King Henry Died Unexpectedly Drinking Chocolate Milk
Kilo(k__)Hecto(h__)Deka(da__) BASE UNIT Deci(d__)Centi(c__)Milli(m__)
Mass (grams - g)
Volume (Liters – L)
Length (meters – m)
CHAPTER 2 THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE
2.1 The Nature of Matter
Atoms – protons, neutrons, electrons
Compound
Covalent bonds
2.2 Properties of Water
Solution, solvent, solute
Acids, Base, pH
2.3 Carbon Compounds
Chemistry of Carbon
What makes Carbon unique
Macromolecules – monomers and polymers
Carbohydrates – function, saccharides, simple vs complex
Lipids – function, saturated vs unsaturated, fatty acid and glycerol
Nucleic Acids – function, nucleotides, DNA
Protein – functions, amino acids, structure and function, levels of organization, polypeptide
2.4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
Chemical Reactions, – reactants and products
Activation energy
Energy absorbing and energy releasing reactions
Enzymes – catalysts, substrates, lock and key, what enzymes are picky about
CHAPTER 7 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
7.1 Life is Cellular
Discovery of the Cell
Early Microscopes
The cell theory
Leeuwenhoek, Hooke, Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow
Light microscopes vs electron microscopes
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryote
7.2 Cell Structure
Cell organization – nucleus, cytoplasm, organelles
Nucleus, Vacuoles, vesicles, lysosomes, cytoskeleton, centrioles, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, (rough and smooth), Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, cell wall, cell membrane
Cell membrane- selectively permeable, fluid mosaic, lipid bilayer
7.3 Cell Transport
Passive Transport – Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis (&hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic , aquaporins, osmotic pressure)
Active Transport – molecular and bulk (endocytosis and exocytosis)
7.4 Homeostasis and Cells
Unicellular vs multicellular
Homeostasis in unicellular vs multicellular (cell specialization)
Cells àtissues àorgans à organ systems
Cell communication (junctions and receptors)
CHAPTER 8 PHOTOSYNTHESIS
What is photosynthesis? What’s the equation (reactants and products)? Where does it occur? Inside what organisms?
What is ATP
Chloroplasts and chlorophyll
Light dependent and light independent
CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION AND FERMENTATION
Cellular respiration – the equation (reactants and products), mitochondria involvement
CHAPTER 10 CELL GROWTH AND DIVISION
10.1 Cell Growth, Division, and Reproduction
Why cells stay small – volume and surface area as cell grows, information overload, and trouble exchanging materials
Cell Division
Reproduction – asexual and sexual
10.2 The Process of Cell Division
Chromosome in prokaryote vs eukaryote
Cell Cycle in prokaryote vs eukaryote
Eukaryote – (G1, S, G2, Mitosis (PMAT), cytokinesis)
Interphase vs cell division (what happens in each and when is the DNA like in each)
In cell division phase, what are the 2 parts
Mitosis
Prophase, Metaphase, anaphase, telophase, centromere, spindle fibers, centrioles, sister chromatids
Cytokinesis (plant vs animal)
10.3 Regulating the Cell Cycle
Cyclins, Regulatory proteins (internal vs external)
Apoptosis
Cancer –
tumor (benign vs malignant)
Causes of cancer
Treatments for cancer (chemo, radiation, surgery)
10.4 Cell Differentiation
embryo
differentiation, specialization
Stem cells (totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent)
Blastocyst
Stem cell research potential benefits
CHAPTER 11 INTRO TO GENETICS
11.1 The Work of Gregor Mendel
Life and Experiments of Gregor Mendel
Parts of plant – Pistil and Stamen, sperm, eggs, pollen, ovary
Fertilization, pollination
Genes and Alleles
Dominant and Recessive Alleles
Law of Segregation, formation of gametes
11.2 Applying Mendel’s Principles
Probability
Homozygous vs heterozygous
Purebred vs hybrid
Genotype vs phenotype
How to make punnett square to predict offspring – single trait (monohybrid) and double trait (dihybrid) punnett squares
Independent assortment