Biology Chapter 22 Sections 1, 2, 3

General Plant Characteristics

Non-Vascular Seedless Plants bryophytes

Vascular Seedless Plants – Ferns & Relatives

Study Guide

  1. Is a plant ever unicellular?
  2. Losing excessive amounts of water through evaporation may affect a plant’s ability to carry out ______.
  3. Bryophytes are low growing because they lack ______.
  4. Bryophytes include ______, ______, & ______.
  5. ______tissue transports solutions of nutrients and carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis.
  6. Does a plant have a true nucleus? What term do we use to refer to this characteristic?
  7. Do all plants produce seeds? Explain.
  8. Plants use the energy of sunlight to ______.
  9. Without gas exchange, a plant would be unable to make ______.
  10. Where do plants (how do plants) get the water they need?
  11. ______are plant adaptations that allow them to maximize light absorption.
  12. Plants require more ______on a sunny day.
  13. Plants can lose ______while exchanging gases with the atmosphere.
  14. Bryophytes are highly dependent on ______for reproduction. They are ______which means they lack specialized tissues that conduct water. So they draw up water by the process of ______.
  15. In liverworts, the structures that produce eggs and sperm look like ______or ______.
  16. ______is a structure that has a function similar to that of plant roots.
  17. In mosses long thin cells called ______, are multicelluar and sphere shaped structures that contain haploid cells.
  18. Some mosses form clumps of ______growing together. This is the form we are most familiar with.
  19. ______are the most common bryophytes and are the most abundant plants in the ______regions.
  20. ______is the sperm producing structure of a bryophyte.
  21. ______& ______are vascular conducting tissues found in ferns but NOT in bryophytes.
  22. ______tissue is important to ferns because it can conduct water over long distances.
  23. Club mosses ______plants.
  24. Horsetails have ______& ______tissue and have ______. However they do NOT produce ______.
  25. Club mosses and ferns grow in ______environments.
  26. The leaves of ______can absorb more sunlight than the leaves of ______.
  27. Fern fronds grow from the plant’s underground steams that are called ______.
  28. What is Equisetum?
  29. Fern spores are produced on the underside of their fronds in tiny containers called ______.
  30. Sporangia are grouped in clusters called ______.
  31. Label the following structures of the fern life cycle as diploid or haploid:

SporesGametophyteEggSperm

SporangiumAntheridiumSporophyteArchegonium

  1. A ______life cycle is different from the ______life cycle because the fern gametophyte always has both archegonia and antheridia.
  2. The capsule of a moss produces ______.
  3. The sperm of bryophytes need ______to reach eggs of other individuals.
  4. Water moves from cell to cell in the rhizoids of a moss by the process of ______.
  5. Why is the sporophyte phase of all plants diploid?
  6. Explain the importance of vascular tissue in plants.
  7. Be able to explain each part of the diagram on page 563 Figure 22-17 Life Cycle of a Fern.
  8. Cladogram page 554… Evolutionary relationship among various plant groups. Be able to answer questions about this type of cladogram.