Biology Chapter 12 worksheet

Name______Period____

  1. What did Griffith learn about bacteria?______
  2. What result from Griffith’s experiment suggested that the cause of Pneumonia was not a chemical released by disease-causing bacteria?______
  3. What is transformation?______
  4. What does Griffith hypothesize?______
  5. Briefly describe how Avery and his group determined which molecule was most important for transformation?______
  6. Transformation did not occur when ______was destroyed>
  7. What is a bacteriophage?______
  8. Explain the Hershey-Chase experiment:______
  9. What are Chargaff’s rules and how is this important to DNA structure?______
  10. What did Rosalind Franklin contribute to DNA structure?______
  11. What was the accomplishment of Watson and Crick ?______
  12. Draw and label a DNA nucleotide: include the following: phosphate molecule,

nitrogen base, and deoxyribose.

  1. Draw and label an RNA nucleotide: include the following: phosphate molecule,

ribose, nitrogen base

  1. Draw a DNA molecule with 6 nucleotides. Label each nucleotide. You can

use letters: P = Phosphate, D = deoxyribose, A, T, G, C for nitrogen bases. You

do not have to label the bonds.

  1. Draw a strand of RNA with 4 nucleotides. Label the nucleotides with letters.

You do not have to label the bonds.

  1. You will find below half a strand of DNA, complete the other half of the DNA

molecule by giving the complementary bases, below those already given.

A - T - C - G - T - C - A - G - A - T - C - T - G

  1. Explain how DNA replicates itself.______

18. Below you will find half a DNA strand, give the complementary mRNA strand that would be made from this half of the DNA strand.

A - C - T - G - G - C - T - A - T - C - A - G - T mRNA

  1. The 5 carbon sugar that makes up RNA is______.
  1. The 5 carbon sugar that makes up DNA is______.
  1. Name the 3 kinds of RNA found within a cell.
  1. Define transcription.______
  1. Why is transcription necessary?______
  2. How is mRNA different from tRNA?______
  1. Explain 3 basic ways in which DNA is different from RNA.______
  1. Complete the table below by using a check mark to indicated to which molecule each

characteristic applies

Similarities and Differences between DNA and RNA.

DNA / RNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Ribonucleic acid
Ribose is present
Deoxyribose is present
Phosphate group present
Adenine present
Thymine present
Uracil present
Guanine present
Cyotsine present
Formed from nucleotides
Double stranded
Single stranded
Remains in the nucleus
Moves out of the nucleus
Contains a chemical message or code
Moves to the ribosome
  1. The building blocks of proteins are______.
  1. Proteins are made within the ______.
  1. ______is the blueprint for making proteins within the ribosome.
  1. ______is the molecule which takes the DNA message to the ribosome.
  1. ______is the molecule which picks up the amino acids in the cytoplasm

and takes them to the ribosome.

  1. Explain why DNA needs RNA to complete protein synthesis.______
  2. Look up the genetic code in your book or notes and give the amino acid –or message-for each codon below:

AUG______

UCA______

UGA______

CAG______