Bio 9 Study Guide for Chapter 12 (Chiras) Grasslands, Forests, and Wilderness
1. What 2 things does the Green Patch of pasture in the African Sahel region show us?
2. What caused the Sahel to become mostly desert?
12. The Tragedy of the Commons Revisited (see page 41 also)
3. Define what a “Commons” is. 4. What did Aristotle note?
5. Where was “The Fertile Crescent”? Why was it given that name? What is it like today? Why?
6. Who wrote the paper “Tragedy of the Commons”?
7. What common human trait and human activities causes problems for any commons?
8. What is Hardin’s quote? 9. Are commons the only type of land mismanagement?
10. Why was short-term exploitation of land possible a long time ago but not today?
12.2 Rangelands (Grasslands)
11. What useful products do we get from rangelands?
12. Grasses form the start (are the basis) of ______food chains.
13. What common foods that we eat come from grasses?
14. How does the growth of grass differ from the growth of most other plants?
15. What does “Basal Zone” and “Metabolic Reserve” mean?
16. What does “Overgrazing” do to grass that causes it to die?
17. How much land in the U.S. has been turned into desert in the last 200 years?
18. How have native Americans contributed to this problem?
19. What does the BLM say about grasslands? What does the U.N. say about the world’s grasslands?
20. Good range management involves what techniques?
21. What does the “Public Rangeland Improvement Act” (PRIA) of 1978 require?
22. What is the major problem with the way the BLM sets policies? 23. Does PRIA apply to Indian Lands?
24. What problems arise from use of “Feedlots”?
25. How is raising cattle in Egypt and Mexico affecting their people?
12.3 Forests
26. What are some of the useful products from forests?
27. What are primary, secondary and tertiary products?
28. Name 6 or 7 other benefits we get from forests.
29. How much of the world’s forests have been cut down? 30. How much in Europe?
31. How much of the tropical rainforest is cut down each year?
32. By how much are we exceeding a sustainable yield of wood here in the west?
33. Th author lists 5 root cause of deforestation. What are they?
34. Describe 3 unsustainable government policies.
35. Be able to list and describe the 4 ways of harvesting trees in a forest.
36. What are the 4 measures needed to create a sustainable wood supply?
37. In what ways do “Prescribed Burns” protect a forest?
38. Define “Primary” forest.
12.4 Wilderness
39. What are general and legal definitions of a “Wilderness”?
40. What are the 3 benefits the author says we derive from a wilderness?
41. Historically, how have humans viewed wilderness?
42. Who was John Muir? What did he do to help save wilderness?
43. What are “Primitive Areas”?
44. What are some of the weaknesses of the original wilderness act?
45. What did Congress do 1976 to correct these?
46. What are the 7 management techniques which may prevent overuse and damage to public lands?