Bio 4 - Study Guide 4
Chapter 23 – Population Genetics
What are the 5 agents of microevolution? (genetic drift, bottleneck effect, founder’s effect, gene flow, adaptive evolution, Darwinian fitness, female choice) What are the three types of natural selection? (know graphs and how the environment filters out individuals for each) What are the 4 reasons evolution doesn’t make perfect organisms? Summarize the main points of the article, “Ecological and Genetic factors in Conservation: A Cautionary Tale.” What is the smallest unit that can evolve? Why? What is a species? Population? What is microevolution? Know the Hardy-Weinberg equation and how it is used. What are the 5 assumptions?
Chapter 24 – The Origin of Species
What is a “biological species”? What is a ring species? What are the prezygotic and postzygotic isolating mechanisms? What is allopatric and sympatric speciation? What is adaptive radiation? What is punctuated equilibrium? What is gradualism?
Chapter 25 & 26 – Early Earth and the Origin of Life
Know the condition of early earth involved in the chemical origin of life (lightening, UV light, etc.). Know the theory of the chemical origin of life. (Be sure you can explain the experiments by Louis Pasteur (spontaneous generation vs. biogenesis), Oparin and Haldane, Miller/Urey, Sydney Fox, RNA, Proteobionts) Know the geological time scale. Adaptive Radiation)
Chapter 50 – Ecology
What is ecology? Community? Ecosystem? Biosphere? Niche? Habitat? Biome?
Chap 52 – Population Ecology
What is a population? What is density? What are density dependent and density independent factors? What is dispersion? What are the three types of dispersion patterns? Which is the most common? What are the two types of population growth models? What is carrying capacity? What are the two types of opportunistic life histories? What are the characteristics for each? Which is better adapted for an unstable environment? Where do humans fit in? What is ZPG? How can this be achieved? What is the best way to stop many of our environmental problems today?