Bio 347 Test #2 Review (3/2/17)

Bio 347 Test #2 Review (3/2/17)

Behavior as a driver of evolution

Behavioral causes of isolation and allopatric speciation (311-319)

song recognition, secondary contact, reinforcement…

Yellow-eyed junco populations in desert southwest

distinct populations, distinct genetics, distinct dialects

Tracking evolution of behavior

fossil analyses- evaluation of competing hypotheses concerning origins of flight

cursorial vs arboreal vs wing assisted incline running/Video

Ch 12- Nervous System and Behavior (359-363, 370-384)

Basics of neuroethology, umwelt

cockroach escape behavior- How do they avoid predators? Sensory tuning

Instincts, Fixed Action Patterns, Sign Stimulus, releasers, exploitation

Basics of neuroanatomy- Neurotransmitters, synapses, electrical synapses

Sensory receptors (379-384)

Chemoreceptors

Siamese fighting fish

dear/enemy, neighbor-stranger recognition vs familiar-unfamiliar

VNO/Jacobsen’s organ in terrestrial vertebrates

Thermoreceptors- pit vipers

Mechanoreceptors

Seismic communication in elephants, leaf hoppers

Panic hatching in frog embryos

Nervous system designs- nerve nets, radial nervous systems, bilateral systems

3 part brain, variation in brain structure size, perceptual abilities, cortical mapping

External Stimulià Sensory receptorsà Central Filtering Processesà Motor neuronsà Behavior

*only certain stimuli are perceived because of the tuning of Peripheral filters

*only certain perceived stimuli are acted upon because of the Central Filters.

*thresholds, refractory periods, summation

Case studies demonstrating functional design

Voice selective areas of the human brain

What does the brain “hear”? What does it filter out?

Cricket and frog phonotaxis

How do crickets distinguish between noise and relevant stimuli?

How do frogs distinguish between conspecifics and heterospecifics?

Why are females pickier? Bateman’s Rule

Vocal performance in birds

How do females distinguish between potential mates?

Performance constraints in theory, lab studies

Prey detection by frogs (receptive fields)

What are the adaptive benefits of sensory tuning?

Runaway sexual selection

Good Genes, mate choice for Honest Indicators of Male Quality

grey tree frog experiment

Bat echolocation- What information do bats get from ultrasonic signals?

Search stage signals vs Terminal stage signals, high altitude adjustments

Moth avoidance behavior- function and tuning of A1 and A2 receptors