Bio 347 Test #2 Review (3/2/17)
Behavior as a driver of evolution
Behavioral causes of isolation and allopatric speciation (311-319)
song recognition, secondary contact, reinforcement…
Yellow-eyed junco populations in desert southwest
distinct populations, distinct genetics, distinct dialects
Tracking evolution of behavior
fossil analyses- evaluation of competing hypotheses concerning origins of flight
cursorial vs arboreal vs wing assisted incline running/Video
Ch 12- Nervous System and Behavior (359-363, 370-384)
Basics of neuroethology, umwelt
cockroach escape behavior- How do they avoid predators? Sensory tuning
Instincts, Fixed Action Patterns, Sign Stimulus, releasers, exploitation
Basics of neuroanatomy- Neurotransmitters, synapses, electrical synapses
Sensory receptors (379-384)
Chemoreceptors
Siamese fighting fish
dear/enemy, neighbor-stranger recognition vs familiar-unfamiliar
VNO/Jacobsen’s organ in terrestrial vertebrates
Thermoreceptors- pit vipers
Mechanoreceptors
Seismic communication in elephants, leaf hoppers
Panic hatching in frog embryos
Nervous system designs- nerve nets, radial nervous systems, bilateral systems
3 part brain, variation in brain structure size, perceptual abilities, cortical mapping
External Stimulià Sensory receptorsà Central Filtering Processesà Motor neuronsà Behavior
*only certain stimuli are perceived because of the tuning of Peripheral filters
*only certain perceived stimuli are acted upon because of the Central Filters.
*thresholds, refractory periods, summation
Case studies demonstrating functional design
Voice selective areas of the human brain
What does the brain “hear”? What does it filter out?
Cricket and frog phonotaxis
How do crickets distinguish between noise and relevant stimuli?
How do frogs distinguish between conspecifics and heterospecifics?
Why are females pickier? Bateman’s Rule
Vocal performance in birds
How do females distinguish between potential mates?
Performance constraints in theory, lab studies
Prey detection by frogs (receptive fields)
What are the adaptive benefits of sensory tuning?
Runaway sexual selection
Good Genes, mate choice for Honest Indicators of Male Quality
grey tree frog experiment
Bat echolocation- What information do bats get from ultrasonic signals?
Search stage signals vs Terminal stage signals, high altitude adjustments
Moth avoidance behavior- function and tuning of A1 and A2 receptors